Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water., sentence 28
They looked up and saw Nara, so one of the witches climbed up the tree and threw her down.
Who acts: others · What happens: look up, see, climb up, throw down · To what, where: Nara, one
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (others), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 looked | nsubj |
| 2 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | up | up | ADP | _ | 2 looked | compound:prt |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 saw | cc |
| 5 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 looked | conj |
| 6 | Nara | Nara | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 saw | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 one | punct |
| 8 | so | so | ADV | _ | 9 one | advmod |
| 9 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 13 climbed | obl |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 witches | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 witches | det |
| 12 | witches | witch | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 climbed | obl |
| 13 | climbed | climb | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 looked | parataxis |
| 14 | up | up | ADP | _ | 13 climbed | compound:prt |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 tree | det |
| 16 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 climbed | obj |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 threw | cc |
| 18 | threw | throw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 climbed | conj |
| 19 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 threw | obj |
| 20 | down | down | ADP | _ | 18 threw | compound:prt |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 looked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | look up | past | others = other | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | see | past | others = other not said here | Nara | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer nara=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | climb up | past | one | of the witches; the tree obj | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location tree=Theme | ||||
| 4 | throw down | past | Nara | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/14/28/