Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water., sentence 71
This drum was made out of the trunk of a hard-wood tree and hollowed out with a long slit at the top.
What happens: make out, hollow out · To what, where: drum, trunk
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | This | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 2 drum | det |
| 2 | drum | drum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 made | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 made | aux:pass |
| 4 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | out | out | ADP | _ | 8 trunk | case |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 trunk | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 trunk | det |
| 8 | trunk | trunk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 made | obl |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 tree | case |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 tree | det |
| 11 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 wood | amod |
| 12 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 11 hard | punct |
| 13 | wood | wood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 tree | compound |
| 14 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 trunk | nmod |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 hollowed | cc |
| 16 | hollowed | hollow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 made | conj |
| 17 | out | out | ADP | _ | 16 hollowed | compound:prt |
| 18 | with | with | ADP | _ | 21 slit | case |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 slit | det |
| 20 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 slit | amod |
| 21 | slit | slit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 hollowed | obl |
| 22 | at | at | ADP | _ | 24 top | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 top | det |
| 24 | top | top | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 slit | nmod |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 made | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make out | past · passive | this drum | the trunk of a wood tree | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | hollow out | participle | with a long slit at the top | vn clear-10.3 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/14/71/