Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water., sentence 73
This drum was used for dances and for calling the people in from the farms when there was any big palaver on, or if the town were going to be attacked.
Who acts: big palaver, town · What happens: use, call in, be on, go, attack · To what, where: drum, people, farms
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (big palaver, town), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | This | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 2 drum | det |
| 2 | drum | drum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 used | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 used | aux:pass |
| 4 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | for | for | ADP | _ | 6 dances | case |
| 6 | dances | dance | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 used | obl |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 calling | cc |
| 8 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 9 calling | mark |
| 9 | calling | call | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 used | conj |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 people | det |
| 11 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 calling | obj |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 calling | compound:prt |
| 13 | from | from | ADP | _ | 15 farms | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 farms | det |
| 15 | farms | farm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 calling | obl |
| 16 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 18 was | advmod |
| 17 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 18 was | expl |
| 18 | was | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 calling | advcl |
| 19 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 21 palaver | det |
| 20 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 palaver | amod |
| 21 | palaver | palaver | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 was | nsubj |
| 22 | on | on | ADP | _ | 18 was | compound:prt |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 going | punct |
| 24 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 29 going | cc |
| 25 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 29 going | mark |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 town | det |
| 27 | town | town | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 going | nsubj |
| 28 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 going | aux |
| 29 | going | go | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 used | conj |
| 30 | to | to | PART | _ | 32 attacked | mark |
| 31 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 32 attacked | aux:pass |
| 32 | attacked | attack | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 29 going | xcomp |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 used | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | use | past · passive | this drum | for dances | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: subject=Theme for dance=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | call in speech: assert | gerund | the people | the farms | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent people=Theme from farm=Source | ||||
| 3 | be on | past | any big palaver | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | go a condition, not said to happen | past · progressive | the town | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | attack | to-infinitive · passive | the town not said here | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V» |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/14/73/