Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water., sentence 93
He offered a kola nut, which she refused, and he then told her to go back, but Ibanang would not listen to him and said she was looking for her mother.
Who acts: path, kola nut, Ibanang, mother · What happens: offer, refuse, tell, go back, not listen, say · To what, where: kola nut, mother, path · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (path, kola nut, Ibanang, mother), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 offered | nsubj |
| 2 | offered | offer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 nut | det |
| 4 | kola | kola | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 nut | compound |
| 5 | nut | nut | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 offered | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 refused | punct |
| 7 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 refused | nsubj |
| 8 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 refused | nsubj |
| 9 | refused | refuse | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 nut | acl:relcl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 told | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 told | cc |
| 12 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 told | nsubj |
| 13 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 14 told | advmod |
| 14 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 offered | conj |
| 15 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 told | iobj |
| 16 | to | to | PART | _ | 17 go | mark |
| 17 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 told | xcomp |
| 18 | back | back | ADV | _ | 17 go | advmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 listen | punct |
| 20 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 24 listen | cc |
| 21 | Ibanang | Ibanang | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 listen | nsubj |
| 22 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 24 listen | aux |
| 23 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 24 listen | advmod |
| 24 | listen | listen | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 offered | parataxis |
| 25 | to | to | ADP | _ | 26 him | case |
| 26 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 listen | obl |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 said | cc |
| 28 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 offered | conj |
| 29 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 looking | nsubj |
| 30 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 looking | aux |
| 31 | looking | look | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 28 said | ccomp |
| 32 | for | for | ADP | _ | 34 mother | case |
| 33 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 mother | nmod:poss |
| 34 | mother | mother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 looking | obl |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 offered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | offer | past | path | a kola nut | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent nut=Theme | ||||
| 2 | refuse | past | a kola nut | mother nsubj | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | tell speech: assert | past | path | mother | then | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent she=Recipient clause=Topic | |||
| 4 | go back not said to happen | to-infinitive | path not said here | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 5 | not listen | would | Ibanang | path | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to he=Theme | ||||
| 6 | say speech: assert | past | path not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 7 | look | past · progressive | mother | for mother's mother | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for mother=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/14/93/