Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxi.--why the Head of the Male Goat Smells So Strong., sentence 42
When he returned he found that, as he expected, his sleeping-mat had been taken; so he went to the chief and asked for payment.
Who acts: farmer · What happens: return, find, expect, take, go, ask · To what, where: sleeping mat, chief
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxi.--why the Head of the Male Goat Smells So Strong.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (farmer), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 3 returned | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 returned | nsubj |
| 3 | returned | return | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 found | advcl |
| 4 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 found | nsubj |
| 5 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | that | that | ADV | _ | 5 found | advmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 expected | punct |
| 8 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 10 expected | mark |
| 9 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 expected | nsubj |
| 10 | expected | expect | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 found | parataxis |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 taken | punct |
| 12 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 mat | nmod:poss |
| 13 | sleeping | sleeping | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 mat | compound |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 13 sleeping | punct |
| 15 | mat | mat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 taken | nsubj:pass |
| 16 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 taken | aux |
| 17 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 18 taken | aux:pass |
| 18 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 expected | conj |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 went | punct |
| 20 | so | so | ADV | _ | 22 went | advmod |
| 21 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 went | nsubj |
| 22 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 found | parataxis |
| 23 | to | to | ADP | _ | 25 chief | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 chief | det |
| 25 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 went | obl |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 asked | cc |
| 27 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 went | conj |
| 28 | for | for | ADP | _ | 29 payment | case |
| 29 | payment | payment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 asked | obl |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 found | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | return | past | farmer | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | find | past | farmer | that property | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | expect | past | farmer | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | take | past · perfect · passive | farmer's sleeping mat | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 5 | go | past | farmer | the chief | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to chief=Initial_Location | ||||
| 6 | ask speech: ask | past | farmer not said here | for payment | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/15/42/