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Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxii.--a Story of the Great Famine., sentence 10

Now the palm-tree where the parrot was overhung the river, and the hare, thinking he would pay the parrot out for refusing to bring him, made a hole in the bottom of the bag so that the nuts dropped through into the water as fast as the parrot put them into the bag.

Who acts: hare, plenty, nuts, parrot · What happens: overhang, think, pay out, refuse, not bring, make · To what, where: palm tree, parrot, plenty, hole, bottom, water · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxii.--a Story of the Great Famine.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hare, plenty, nuts, parrot), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

advmoddetcompoundpunctnsubj:passadvmoddetnsubj:passaux:passdetobjpunctccdetnsubjpunctaclnsubjauxccompdetobjcompound:prtmarkadvclmarkxcompobjpunctparataxisdetobjcasedetnmodcasedetnmodmarkmarkdetnsubjadvcladvmodcasedetobladvmodadvmodmarkdetnsubjadvclobjcasedetoblpunctrootNowADVtheDETpalmNOUN-PUNCTtreeNOUNwhereADVtheDETparrotNOUNwasAUXoverhungVERBtheDETriverNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJtheDEThareNOUN,PUNCTthinkingVERBhePRONwouldAUXpayVERBtheDETparrotNOUNoutADPforSCONJrefusingVERBtoPARTbringVERBhimPRON,PUNCTmadeVERBaDETholeNOUNinADPtheDETbottomNOUNofADPtheDETbagNOUNsoSCONJthatSCONJtheDETnutsNOUNdroppedVERBthroughADVintoADPtheDETwaterNOUNasADVfastADVasSCONJtheDETparrotNOUNputVERBthemPRONintoADPtheDETbagNOUN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1NownowADVPronType=Dem10 overhungadvmod
2thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art5 treedet
3palmpalmNOUNNumber=Sing5 treecompound
4--PUNCT_3 palmpunct
5treetreeNOUNNumber=Sing10 overhungnsubj:pass
6wherewhereADVPronType=Rel10 overhungadvmod
7thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art8 parrotdet
8parrotparrotNOUNNumber=Sing10 overhungnsubj:pass
9wasbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin10 overhungaux:pass
10overhungoverhangVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Passrootroot
11thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art12 riverdet
12riverriverNOUNNumber=Sing10 overhungobj
13,,PUNCT_31 madepunct
14andandCCONJ_31 madecc
15thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art16 haredet
16harehareNOUNNumber=Sing31 madensubj
17,,PUNCT_18 thinkingpunct
18thinkingthinkVERBVerbForm=Ger16 hareacl
19hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs21 paynsubj
20wouldwouldAUXVerbForm=Fin21 payaux
21paypayVERBVerbForm=Inf18 thinkingccomp
22thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art23 parrotdet
23parrotparrotNOUNNumber=Sing21 payobj
24outoutADP_21 paycompound:prt
25forforSCONJ_26 refusingmark
26refusingrefuseVERBTense=Pres VerbForm=Part21 payadvcl
27totoPART_28 bringmark
28bringbringVERBVerbForm=Inf26 refusingxcomp
29himhePRONCase=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs28 bringobj
30,,PUNCT_16 harepunct
31mademakeVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin10 overhungparataxis
32aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art33 holedet
33holeholeNOUNNumber=Sing31 madeobj
34ininADP_36 bottomcase
35thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art36 bottomdet
36bottombottomNOUNNumber=Sing33 holenmod
37ofofADP_39 bagcase
38thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art39 bagdet
39bagbagNOUNNumber=Sing36 bottomnmod
40sosoSCONJ_44 droppedmark
41thatthatSCONJ_44 droppedmark
42thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art43 nutsdet
43nutsnutNOUNNumber=Plur44 droppednsubj
44droppeddropVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin31 madeadvcl
45throughthroughADV_44 droppedadvmod
46intointoADP_48 watercase
47thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art48 waterdet
48waterwaterNOUNNumber=Sing44 droppedobl
49asasADV_50 fastadvmod
50fastfastADVDegree=Pos44 droppedadvmod
51asasSCONJ_54 putmark
52thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art53 parrotdet
53parrotparrotNOUNNumber=Sing54 putnsubj
54putputVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin50 fastadvcl
55themtheyPRONCase=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs54 putobj
56intointoADP_58 bagcase
57thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art58 bagdet
58bagbagNOUNNumber=Sing54 putobl
59..PUNCT_10 overhungpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1overhangpast · passivethe palm treenowthe parrot nsubj:pass; the river objtree rules
2think speech: othergerundthe hare not said herevn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
3pay outwouldplentythe parrotvn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent parrot=Asset
4refusegerundplenty not said herevn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
5not bringto-infinitiveplenty not said hereplentyvn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument he=Destination
6makepastthe harea holethe bottom of the bagvn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hole=Product
7droppastthe nutsthe waterfast, through propertyvn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into water=Trajectory
8putpastthe parrotnuts = nutthe bagvn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent they=Goal

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

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