Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxii.--a Story of the Great Famine., sentence 11
When the parrot began to eat some of the nuts, the hare eat some also, and when the parrot dropped the kernel the hare dropped his at the same time through the hole in the bag.
Who acts: parrot, hare · What happens: begin, eat, drop · To what, where: some, kernel, plenty, hole
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxii.--a Story of the Great Famine.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (parrot, hare), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 began | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 parrot | det |
| 3 | parrot | parrot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 began | nsubj |
| 4 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 eat | mark |
| 6 | eat | eat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 began | xcomp |
| 7 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 6 eat | obj |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 nuts | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 nuts | det |
| 10 | nuts | nut | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 some | nmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 eat | punct |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 hare | det |
| 13 | hare | hare | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 eat | nsubj |
| 14 | eat | eat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 began | parataxis |
| 15 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 14 eat | obj |
| 16 | also | also | ADV | _ | 14 eat | advmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 dropped | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 dropped | cc |
| 19 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 22 dropped | advmod |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 parrot | det |
| 21 | parrot | parrot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 dropped | nsubj |
| 22 | dropped | drop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 eat | parataxis |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 kernel | det |
| 24 | kernel | kernel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 dropped | obj |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 hare | det |
| 26 | hare | hare | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 dropped | nsubj |
| 27 | dropped | drop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 dropped | parataxis |
| 28 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 dropped | obj |
| 29 | at | at | ADP | _ | 32 time | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 time | det |
| 31 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 time | amod |
| 32 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 dropped | obl |
| 33 | through | through | ADP | _ | 35 hole | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 hole | det |
| 35 | hole | hole | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 dropped | obl |
| 36 | in | in | ADP | _ | 38 bag | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 bag | det |
| 38 | bag | bag | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 hole | nmod |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 began | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | begin | past | the parrot | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 2 | eat | to-infinitive | the parrot not said here | some of the nuts | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent some=Patient | ||||
| 3 | eat | present | the hare | some | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent some=Patient | ||||
| 4 | drop | past | the parrot | the kernel | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kernel=Theme | ||||
| 5 | drop | past | the hare | plenty | the hole in the bag | time | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent his=Theme through hole=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/16/11/