Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxii.--a Story of the Great Famine., sentence 19
He looked all round the island for a place to make his house in, but it was all wet, as the river was high; so the next day he determined to swim across the river, and risk being eaten.
Who acts: friend, island, river · What happens: look, make in, be, determine, swim, eat · To what, where: island, house, river, risk
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxii.--a Story of the Great Famine.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (friend, island, river), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 looked | nsubj |
| 2 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | all | all | ADV | _ | 6 island | advmod |
| 4 | round | round | ADP | _ | 6 island | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 island | det |
| 6 | island | island | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 looked | obj |
| 7 | for | for | ADP | _ | 9 place | case |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 place | det |
| 9 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 island | nmod |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 make | mark |
| 11 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 looked | advcl |
| 12 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 house | nmod:poss |
| 13 | house | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 make | obj |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 make | compound:prt |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 wet | punct |
| 16 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 20 wet | cc |
| 17 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 wet | nsubj |
| 18 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 wet | cop |
| 19 | all | all | ADV | _ | 20 wet | advmod |
| 20 | wet | wet | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 looked | parataxis |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 high | punct |
| 22 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 26 high | mark |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 river | det |
| 24 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 high | nsubj |
| 25 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 high | cop |
| 26 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 wet | conj |
| 27 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 33 determined | punct |
| 28 | so | so | ADV | _ | 33 determined | advmod |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 day | det |
| 30 | next | next | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 day | amod |
| 31 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 determined | obl:unmarked |
| 32 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 determined | nsubj |
| 33 | determined | determine | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 looked | parataxis |
| 34 | to | to | PART | _ | 35 swim | mark |
| 35 | swim | swim | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 33 determined | xcomp |
| 36 | across | across | ADP | _ | 38 river | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 river | det |
| 38 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 swim | obl |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 eaten | punct |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 eaten | cc |
| 41 | risk | risk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 eaten | nsubj:pass |
| 42 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 43 eaten | aux:pass |
| 43 | eaten | eat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 33 determined | conj |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 looked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | look | past | friend | the island | for a place | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme island=Attribute | |||
| 2 | make in | to-infinitive | friend not said here | friend's house | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset house=Product | ||||
| 3 | is | past | island | all, wet property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | is | past | the river | high property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | determine | past | friend | day | vn discover-84 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 6 | swim | to-infinitive | friend not said here | the river | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across river=Trajectory | ||||
| 7 | eat | gerund · passive | risk | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/16/19/