Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxiii.--why Edidor Killed Her Husband and Her Lover., sentence 112
Oga said he could not part with his eyes, so at last he consented to ’Nyambi’s cutting the part off his body, provided he promised not to kill him and to let him go.
Who acts: Oga, NYAMBI · What happens: say, not part, consent, cut off, provide, promise · To what, where: last, part, NYAMBI · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxiii.--why Edidor Killed Her Husband and Her Lover.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Oga, NYAMBI), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Oga | Oga | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 said | nsubj |
| 2 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 part | nsubj |
| 4 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 6 part | aux |
| 5 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 6 part | advmod |
| 6 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 said | ccomp |
| 7 | with | with | ADP | _ | 9 eyes | case |
| 8 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 eyes | nmod:poss |
| 9 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 part | nmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 consented | punct |
| 11 | so | so | ADV | _ | 15 consented | advmod |
| 12 | at | at | ADP | _ | 13 last | case |
| 13 | last | last | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 consented | obl |
| 14 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 consented | nsubj |
| 15 | consented | consent | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 said | conj |
| 16 | to | to | SCONJ | _ | 19 ’s | mark |
| 17 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 19 ’s | punct |
| 18 | Nyambi | Nyambi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 ’s | nsubj |
| 19 | ’s | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 consented | advcl |
| 20 | cutting | cut | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 19 ’s | xcomp |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 part | det |
| 22 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 cutting | obj |
| 23 | off | off | ADP | _ | 20 cutting | compound:prt |
| 24 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 25 body | nmod:poss |
| 25 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 cutting | obj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 provided | punct |
| 27 | provided | provide | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 said | parataxis |
| 28 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 promised | nsubj |
| 29 | promised | promise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 provided | ccomp |
| 30 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 32 kill | advmod |
| 31 | to | to | PART | _ | 32 kill | mark |
| 32 | kill | kill | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 29 promised | xcomp |
| 33 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 kill | obj |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 let | cc |
| 35 | to | to | PART | _ | 36 let | mark |
| 36 | let | let | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 kill | conj |
| 37 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 let | obj |
| 38 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 36 let | xcomp |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | Oga | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | not part | could | OGA | with OGA's eyes | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | consent | past | OGA | last | vn acquiesce-95.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | cut off | gerund | OGA not said here | the part | NYAMBI's body obj | tree rules | |||
| 5 | provide | past | vn ensure-99 «NP V that S»: agent=Precondition clause=Theme | ||||||
| 6 | promise speech: promise | past | NYAMBI | vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 7 | not kill not said to happen | to-infinitive | NYAMBI not said here | NYAMBI | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme | ||||
| 8 | let | to-infinitive | NYAMBI not said here | NYAMBI | tree rules | ||||
| 9 | go | infinitive | NYAMBI not said here | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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