Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxiii.--why Edidor Killed Her Husband and Her Lover., sentence 123
The chief then sent for all his wives to hear his last words.
Who acts: chief · What happens: send, hear, word · To what, where: last words
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxiii.--why Edidor Killed Her Husband and Her Lover.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chief), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 chief | det |
| 2 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 sent | nsubj |
| 3 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 sent | advmod |
| 4 | sent | send | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | for | for | ADP | _ | 8 wives | case |
| 6 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 8 wives | det:predet |
| 7 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 wives | nmod:poss |
| 8 | wives | wife | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 sent | obl |
| 9 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 hear | mark |
| 10 | hear | hear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 sent | advcl |
| 11 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 words | nmod:poss |
| 12 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 words | amod |
| 13 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 hear | obj |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 sent | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | send | past | the chief | then | for chief's wives | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||
| 2 | hear | to-infinitive | the chief not said here | chief's last words | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer word=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | word | chief | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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