Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 1, sentence 13
At first Abang refused, as he did not like the idea of putting on the dirty skin, so he asked Oga if the sores hurt.
Who acts: Abang, Oga, idea, sores · What happens: refuse, not like, put, ask, hurt · To what, where: idea, dirty skin, Oga
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Abang, Oga, idea, sores), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | ADP | _ | 2 first | case |
| 2 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 4 refused | obl |
| 3 | Abang | Abang | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 refused | nsubj |
| 4 | refused | refuse | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 like | punct |
| 6 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 10 like | mark |
| 7 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 like | nsubj |
| 8 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 like | aux |
| 9 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 10 like | advmod |
| 10 | like | like | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 refused | ccomp |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 idea | det |
| 12 | idea | idea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 like | obj |
| 13 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 14 putting | mark |
| 14 | putting | put | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 12 idea | acl |
| 15 | on | on | ADP | _ | 18 skin | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 skin | det |
| 17 | dirty | dirty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 skin | amod |
| 18 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 putting | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 asked | punct |
| 20 | so | so | ADV | _ | 22 asked | advmod |
| 21 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 asked | nsubj |
| 22 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 refused | conj |
| 23 | Oga | Oga | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 asked | iobj |
| 24 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 27 hurt | mark |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 sores | det |
| 26 | sores | sore | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 hurt | nsubj |
| 27 | hurt | hurt | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 asked | advcl |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 refused | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | refuse | past | Abang | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 2 | not like | past · do-support | Oga | the idea | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot idea=Theme | ||||
| 3 | put | gerund | the idea not said here | the dirty skin | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent on skin=Destination | ||||
| 4 | ask speech: ask | past | Oga | Oga | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent oga=Recipient | ||||
| 5 | hurt a condition, not said to happen | present | the sores | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/18/13/