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Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 1, sentence 20

This was good news for Oga, as he felt certain of a good reception, so when he came to the small stream just outside the town, where the people always wash on their return from their farms in the evening, he took off his cloth and had a good wash.

Who acts: This, Oga, people · What happens: be, feel, come, wash, take off, have · To what, where: good news, small stream, return, cloth, good wash

This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (This, Oga, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

nsubjcopamodcasenmodpunctmarknsubjparataxisxcompcasedetamodoblpunctadvmodadvmodnsubjadvclcasedetamodobladvmodcasedetconjpunctadvmoddetnsubjadvmodparataxiscasenmod:possoblcasenmod:possoblcasedetnmodpunctnsubjconjcompound:prtnmod:possobjccconjdetamodobjpunctrootThisPRONwasAUXgoodADJnewsNOUNforADPOgaPROPN,PUNCTasSCONJhePRONfeltVERBcertainADJofADPaDETgoodADJreceptionNOUN,PUNCTsoADVwhenADVhePRONcameVERBtoADPtheDETsmallADJstreamNOUNjustADVoutsideADPtheDETtownNOUN,PUNCTwhereADVtheDETpeopleNOUNalwaysADVwashVERBonADPtheirPRONreturnNOUNfromADPtheirPRONfarmsNOUNinADPtheDETeveningNOUN,PUNCThePRONtookVERBoffADPhisPRONclothNOUNandCCONJhadVERBaDETgoodADJwashNOUN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1ThisthisPRONNumber=Sing PronType=Dem4 newsnsubj
2wasbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin4 newscop
3goodgoodADJDegree=Pos4 newsamod
4newsnewsNOUNNumber=Singrootroot
5forforADP_6 Ogacase
6OgaOgaPROPNNumber=Sing4 newsnmod
7,,PUNCT_10 feltpunct
8asasSCONJ_10 feltmark
9hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs10 feltnsubj
10feltfeelVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin4 newsparataxis
11certaincertainADJDegree=Pos10 feltxcomp
12ofofADP_15 receptioncase
13aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art15 receptiondet
14goodgoodADJDegree=Pos15 receptionamod
15receptionreceptionNOUNNumber=Sing11 certainobl
16,,PUNCT_20 camepunct
17sosoADV_20 cameadvmod
18whenwhenADVPronType=Int20 cameadvmod
19hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs20 camensubj
20camecomeVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin10 feltadvcl
21totoADP_24 streamcase
22thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art24 streamdet
23smallsmallADJDegree=Pos24 streamamod
24streamstreamNOUNNumber=Sing20 cameobl
25justjustADV_28 townadvmod
26outsideoutsideADP_28 towncase
27thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art28 towndet
28towntownNOUNNumber=Sing24 streamconj
29,,PUNCT_34 washpunct
30wherewhereADVPronType=Rel34 washadvmod
31thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art32 peopledet
32peoplepeopleNOUNNumber=Plur34 washnsubj
33alwaysalwaysADVPronType=Tot34 washadvmod
34washwashVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin28 townparataxis
35ononADP_37 returncase
36theirtheirPRONCase=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs37 returnnmod:poss
37returnreturnNOUNNumber=Sing34 washobl
38fromfromADP_40 farmscase
39theirtheirPRONCase=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs40 farmsnmod:poss
40farmsfarmNOUNNumber=Plur34 washobl
41ininADP_43 eveningcase
42thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art43 eveningdet
43eveningeveningNOUNNumber=Sing40 farmsnmod
44,,PUNCT_46 tookpunct
45hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs46 tooknsubj
46tooktakeVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin20 cameconj
47offoffADP_46 tookcompound:prt
48hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs49 clothnmod:poss
49clothclothNOUNNumber=Sing46 tookobj
50andandCCONJ_51 hadcc
51hadhaveVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin46 tookconj
52aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art54 washdet
53goodgoodADJDegree=Pos54 washamod
54washwashNOUNNumber=Sing51 hadobj
55..PUNCT_4 newspunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1is apastThisgood newsfor Ogatree rules
2feelpastOgacertain propertyvn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
3comepastOgathe small stream and the townvn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to stream=Initial_Location
4washpresentthe peoplepeople's returnfrom people's farms in the evening; always propertyvn floss-41.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5take offpastOgaOga's clothvn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cloth=Theme
6havepastOga not said herea good washvn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wash=Patient
7returnpeoplenom return «communication intransitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/18/20/