Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 1, sentence 28
Oga stayed at Adaginkpor for a few days, during which time dances were held every night, as the moon was full, and all the people came in from their farms to see Abang and hear him play and sing.
Who acts: Oga, moon, people · What happens: stay, hold, be, come in, see, hear · To what, where: Adaginkpor, time dances, farms, Abang, Oga
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Oga, moon, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Oga | Oga | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 stayed | nsubj |
| 2 | stayed | stay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | at | at | ADP | _ | 4 Adaginkpor | case |
| 4 | Adaginkpor | Adaginkpor | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 stayed | obl |
| 5 | for | for | ADP | _ | 8 days | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 days | det |
| 7 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 days | amod |
| 8 | days | day | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 stayed | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 held | punct |
| 10 | during | during | ADP | _ | 11 which | case |
| 11 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 held | obl |
| 12 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 dances | compound |
| 13 | dances | dance | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 held | nsubj:pass |
| 14 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 held | aux:pass |
| 15 | held | hold | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 stayed | conj |
| 16 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 17 night | det |
| 17 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 held | obl:unmarked |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 full | punct |
| 19 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 23 full | mark |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 moon | det |
| 21 | moon | moon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 full | nsubj |
| 22 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 full | cop |
| 23 | full | full | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 held | parataxis |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 came | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 came | cc |
| 26 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 28 people | det:predet |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 people | det |
| 28 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 came | nsubj |
| 29 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 stayed | conj |
| 30 | in | in | ADV | _ | 29 came | advmod |
| 31 | from | from | ADP | _ | 33 farms | case |
| 32 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 farms | nmod:poss |
| 33 | farms | farm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 came | obl |
| 34 | to | to | PART | _ | 35 see | mark |
| 35 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 33 farms | acl |
| 36 | Abang | Abang | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 see | obj |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 hear | cc |
| 38 | hear | hear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 35 see | conj |
| 39 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 hear | obj |
| 40 | play | play | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 38 hear | xcomp |
| 41 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 sing | cc |
| 42 | sing | sing | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 40 play | conj |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 stayed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stay | past | Oga | Adaginkpor | day | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at adaginkpor=Location | |||
| 2 | hold | past · passive | time dances | night | which obl | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||
| 3 | is | past | the moon | full property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | come in | past | all people | people's farms | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from farm=Initial_Location | ||||
| 5 | see | to-infinitive | all people not said here | Abang | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer abang=Stimulus | ||||
| 6 | hear | infinitive | all people not said here | Oga | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | play | infinitive | Oga not said here | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 8 | sing speech: express | infinitive | Oga not said here | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/18/28/