Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 1, sentence 29
When Oga left the town he received many more presents from the people, and the young men’s company carried his loads into Ikom, which is not far from Adaginkpor, and is a large town on the right-hand of the Cross River.
Who acts: Oga, company, Ikom · What happens: leave, receive, carry, be · To what, where: town, many more presents, loads, Ikom, Adaginkpor, large town
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Oga, company, Ikom), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 3 left | advmod |
| 2 | Oga | Oga | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 left | nsubj |
| 3 | left | leave | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 carried | advcl |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 town | det |
| 5 | town | town | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 left | obj |
| 6 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 received | nsubj |
| 7 | received | receive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 town | acl:relcl |
| 8 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 presents | amod |
| 9 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 10 presents | amod |
| 10 | presents | present | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 received | obj |
| 11 | from | from | ADP | _ | 13 people | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 people | det |
| 13 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 presents | nmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 carried | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 carried | cc |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 men | det |
| 17 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 men | amod |
| 18 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 company | nmod:poss |
| 19 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 18 men | case |
| 20 | company | company | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 carried | nsubj |
| 21 | carried | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 22 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 loads | nmod:poss |
| 23 | loads | load | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 carried | obj |
| 24 | into | into | ADP | _ | 25 Ikom | case |
| 25 | Ikom | Ikom | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 carried | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 Adaginkpor | punct |
| 27 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 32 Adaginkpor | nsubj |
| 28 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 Adaginkpor | cop |
| 29 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 30 far | advmod |
| 30 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 32 Adaginkpor | advmod |
| 31 | from | from | ADP | _ | 32 Adaginkpor | case |
| 32 | Adaginkpor | Adaginkpor | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 Ikom | conj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 town | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 town | cc |
| 35 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 38 town | cop |
| 36 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 town | det |
| 37 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 town | amod |
| 38 | town | town | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 carried | conj |
| 39 | on | on | ADP | _ | 43 hand | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 hand | det |
| 41 | right | right | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 hand | amod |
| 42 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 41 right | punct |
| 43 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 town | nmod |
| 44 | of | of | ADP | _ | 47 River | case |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 River | det |
| 46 | Cross | Cross | PROPN | Number=Sing | 47 River | compound |
| 47 | River | River | PROPN | Number=Sing | 43 hand | nmod |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 21 carried | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | leave | past | Oga | the town | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent town=Theme | ||||
| 2 | receive | past | Oga | many more presents | from the people | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent present=Theme from people=Source | |||
| 3 | carry | past | the young men's company | Oga's loads | Ikom and Adaginkpor | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent load=Theme | |||
| 4 | is | present | Ikom and Adaginkpor | Adaginkpor | far property | tree rules | |||
| 5 | is a | present | the young men's company not said here | a large town | the right hand of the Cross River | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/18/29/