Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 1, sentence 33

At each of these towns he received presents, and when he got to the next town, which is called ’Nporo Osilla, he crossed the big river again, and went through the Inde country, where all the people turned out to meet him, and when he left they gave Oga many yams and other presents, so that when he started off for the next town, which is called Inkum, he had a large number of carriers carrying his loads, which by this time had become very numerous.

Who acts: Oga, people, carriers · What happens: receive, get, call, cross, go, turn out · To what, where: presents, each, next town, big river, Inde country, Oga · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Oga, people, carriers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	At	at	ADP	_	2 each	case
2	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	7 received	obl
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 towns	case
4	these	this	DET	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	5 towns	det
5	towns	town	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 each	nmod
6	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 received	nsubj
7	received	receive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	presents	present	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 received	obj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 crossed	punct
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 crossed	cc
11	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	13 got	advmod
12	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 got	nsubj
13	got	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	27 crossed	advcl
14	to	to	ADP	_	17 town	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 town	det
16	next	next	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 town	amod
17	town	town	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 got	obl
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 called	punct
19	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	21 called	nsubj:pass
20	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 called	aux:pass
21	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	17 town	acl:relcl
22	’	'	PUNCT	_	23 Nporo	punct
23	Nporo	Nporo	PROPN	Number=Sing	21 called	xcomp
24	Osilla	Osilla	PROPN	Number=Sing	23 Nporo	flat
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 got	punct
26	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 crossed	nsubj
27	crossed	cross	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 received	conj
28	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	30 river	det
29	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 river	amod
30	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 crossed	obj
31	again	again	ADV	_	27 crossed	advmod
32	,	,	PUNCT	_	34 went	punct
33	and	and	CCONJ	_	34 went	cc
34	went	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 received	parataxis
35	through	through	ADP	_	38 country	case
36	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	38 country	det
37	Inde	Inde	PROPN	Number=Sing	38 country	compound
38	country	country	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 went	obl
39	,	,	PUNCT	_	44 turned	punct
40	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	44 turned	advmod
41	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	43 people	det:predet
42	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	43 people	det
43	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	44 turned	nsubj
44	turned	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	34 went	conj
45	out	out	ADP	_	44 turned	compound:prt
46	to	to	PART	_	47 meet	mark
47	meet	meet	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	44 turned	xcomp
48	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	47 meet	obj
49	,	,	PUNCT	_	55 gave	punct
50	and	and	CCONJ	_	55 gave	cc
51	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	53 left	advmod
52	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	53 left	nsubj
53	left	leave	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	55 gave	advcl
54	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	55 gave	nsubj
55	gave	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	44 turned	conj
56	Oga	Oga	PROPN	Number=Sing	58 yams	compound
57	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	58 yams	amod
58	yams	yam	NOUN	Number=Plur	55 gave	obj
59	and	and	CCONJ	_	61 presents	cc
60	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	61 presents	amod
61	presents	present	NOUN	Number=Plur	58 yams	conj
62	,	,	PUNCT	_	67 started	punct
63	so	so	SCONJ	ExtPos=SCONJ	67 started	mark
64	that	that	SCONJ	_	63 so	fixed
65	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	67 started	advmod
66	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	67 started	nsubj
67	started	start	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	55 gave	conj
68	off	off	ADP	_	67 started	compound:prt
69	for	for	ADP	_	72 town	case
70	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	72 town	det
71	next	next	ADJ	Degree=Pos	72 town	amod
72	town	town	NOUN	Number=Sing	67 started	obl
73	,	,	PUNCT	_	76 called	punct
74	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	76 called	nsubj:pass
75	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	76 called	aux:pass
76	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	72 town	acl:relcl
77	Inkum	Inkum	PROPN	Number=Sing	76 called	xcomp
78	,	,	PUNCT	_	80 had	punct
79	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	80 had	nsubj
80	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 received	conj
81	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	83 number	det
82	large	large	ADJ	Degree=Pos	83 number	amod
83	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	80 had	obj
84	of	of	ADP	_	85 carriers	case
85	carriers	carrier	NOUN	Number=Plur	83 number	nmod
86	carrying	carry	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	85 carriers	acl
87	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	88 loads	nmod:poss
88	loads	load	NOUN	Number=Plur	86 carrying	obj
89	,	,	PUNCT	_	95 become	punct
90	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	95 become	obj
91	by	by	ADP	_	93 time	case
92	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	93 time	det
93	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	95 become	obl
94	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	95 become	aux
95	become	become	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	88 loads	acl:relcl
96	very	very	ADV	_	97 numerous	advmod
97	numerous	numerous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	95 become	xcomp
98	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 received	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	receive	past	Oga	presents	each of this towns			vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent present=Theme at each=Location
2	get	past	Oga				to the next town result	vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient to town=Result
3	call	present · passive		the next town			Nporo xcomp	vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
4	cross	past	Oga	the big river		again		vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent river=Patient
5	go	past			the Inde country			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme through country=Initial_Location
6	turn out	past	all people					tree rules
7	meet	to-infinitive	all people not said here	Oga				vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Co-Agent
8	leave	past	Oga					vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
9	give	past	people	Oga many yams and other presents				vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent yam=Theme
10	start off	past	Oga				for the next town	vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
11	call	present · passive		the next town			Inkum xcomp	vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
12	have	past	Oga	a large number of carriers				vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Patient
13	carry	gerund	carriers not said here	Oga's loads				vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent load=Theme
14	become	past · perfect		Oga's loads		time	numerous property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Patient which=Result

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

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🌲 Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 1, sentence 33

The tree

Pragmatics

Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 1, sentence 33