Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 1, sentence 35
When the chief heard that Oga had come, he at once sent a message to Abang’s parents requesting them to come to Inkum as soon as possible and to bring their son with them.
Who acts: chief, Oga, parents · What happens: hear, come, send, request, bring · To what, where: message, parents, chiefs, Inkum, son · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chief, Oga, parents), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 heard | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 chief | det |
| 3 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 heard | nsubj |
| 4 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 sent | advcl |
| 5 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 8 come | mark |
| 6 | Oga | Oga | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 come | nsubj |
| 7 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 come | aux |
| 8 | come | come | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 heard | ccomp |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 heard | punct |
| 10 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 sent | nsubj |
| 11 | at | at | ADP | _ | 10 he | conj |
| 12 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 13 sent | advmod |
| 13 | sent | send | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 message | det |
| 15 | message | message | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 sent | obj |
| 16 | to | to | ADP | _ | 19 parents | case |
| 17 | Abang | Abang | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 parents | nmod:poss |
| 18 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 17 Abang | case |
| 19 | parents | parent | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 sent | obl |
| 20 | requesting | request | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 19 parents | acl |
| 21 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 requesting | obj |
| 22 | to | to | PART | _ | 23 come | mark |
| 23 | come | come | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 requesting | advcl |
| 24 | to | to | ADP | _ | 25 Inkum | case |
| 25 | Inkum | Inkum | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 come | obl |
| 26 | as | as | ADV | _ | 27 soon | advmod |
| 27 | soon | soon | ADV | Degree=Pos | 23 come | advmod |
| 28 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 29 possible | mark |
| 29 | possible | possible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 soon | advcl |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 bring | cc |
| 31 | to | to | PART | _ | 32 bring | mark |
| 32 | bring | bring | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 come | conj |
| 33 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 son | nmod:poss |
| 34 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 bring | obj |
| 35 | with | with | ADP | _ | 36 them | case |
| 36 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 bring | obl |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 sent | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | the chief | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | come | past · perfect | Oga | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | send | past | Oga | a message | Abang's parents | once property | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent message=Theme to parent=Destination | ||
| 4 | request | gerund | Abang's parents not said here | chiefs = chief | vn beg-58.2 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent they=Recipient | ||||
| 5 | come | to-infinitive | Abang's parents not said here | Inkum | soon property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to inkum=Initial_Location | |||
| 6 | bring | to-infinitive | Abang's parents not said here | chiefs's son | with chiefs = chief | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument son=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/18/35/