Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 1, sentence 38
Oga was so proud at hearing that a play had come all the way from Bendega to escort him to the town that he willingly went out to meet them, not knowing that the real Abang had come with them.
Who acts: Oga, play, real Abang · What happens: be, hear, come, escort, go out, meet · To what, where: way, Oga, town, plays · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Oga, play, real Abang), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Oga | Oga | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 proud | nsubj |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 proud | cop |
| 3 | so | so | ADV | _ | 4 proud | advmod |
| 4 | proud | proud | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | at | at | SCONJ | _ | 6 hearing | mark |
| 6 | hearing | hear | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 proud | advcl |
| 7 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 11 come | mark |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 play | det |
| 9 | play | play | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 come | nsubj |
| 10 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 come | aux |
| 11 | come | come | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 6 hearing | ccomp |
| 12 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 14 way | det:predet |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 way | det |
| 14 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 come | obl |
| 15 | from | from | ADP | _ | 16 Bendega | case |
| 16 | Bendega | Bendega | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 way | nmod |
| 17 | to | to | PART | _ | 18 escort | mark |
| 18 | escort | escort | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 way | acl |
| 19 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 escort | obj |
| 20 | to | to | ADP | _ | 22 town | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 town | det |
| 22 | town | town | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 escort | obl |
| 23 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 26 went | mark |
| 24 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 went | nsubj |
| 25 | willingly | willingly | ADV | _ | 26 went | advmod |
| 26 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 escort | advcl |
| 27 | out | out | ADV | _ | 26 went | advmod |
| 28 | to | to | PART | _ | 29 meet | mark |
| 29 | meet | meet | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 went | xcomp |
| 30 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 meet | obj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 knowing | punct |
| 32 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 33 knowing | advmod |
| 33 | knowing | know | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 29 meet | advcl |
| 34 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 39 come | mark |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 Abang | det |
| 36 | real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 Abang | amod |
| 37 | Abang | Abang | PROPN | Number=Sing | 39 come | nsubj |
| 38 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 39 come | aux |
| 39 | come | come | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 33 knowing | ccomp |
| 40 | with | with | ADP | _ | 41 them | case |
| 41 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 come | obl |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 proud | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | Oga | proud property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | hear | gerund | Oga not said here | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | come | past · perfect | a play | all way from Bendega | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | escort | to-infinitive | a play not said here | Oga | the town | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent he=Theme to town=Destination | |||
| 5 | go out | past | Oga | out, willingly property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | meet | to-infinitive | Oga not said here | plays = play | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Co-Agent | ||||
| 7 | not know | gerund | Oga not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 8 | come | past · perfect | the real Abang | with plays = play | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/18/38/