Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 1, sentence 63
If you will stop on the ground I will climb the vine and throw the rubber fruit down to you, and you can gather it and put it in the bag, and then we shall have plenty to eat on the road.”
Who acts: you, I, we · What happens: stop, climb, throw, gather, put, have · To what, where: ground, vine, rubber fruit, you, fruit, bag
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, I, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | If | if | SCONJ | _ | 4 stop | mark |
| 2 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 4 stop | nsubj |
| 3 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 stop | aux |
| 4 | stop | stop | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 climb | advcl |
| 5 | on | on | ADP | _ | 7 ground | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 ground | det |
| 7 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 stop | obl |
| 8 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 10 climb | nsubj |
| 9 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 10 climb | aux |
| 10 | climb | climb | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 vine | det |
| 12 | vine | vine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 climb | obj |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 throw | cc |
| 14 | throw | throw | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 climb | conj |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 fruit | det |
| 16 | rubber | rubber | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 fruit | compound |
| 17 | fruit | fruit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 throw | obj |
| 18 | down | down | ADV | _ | 14 throw | advmod |
| 19 | to | to | ADP | _ | 20 you | case |
| 20 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 14 throw | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 gather | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 gather | cc |
| 23 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 25 gather | nsubj |
| 24 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 25 gather | aux |
| 25 | gather | gather | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 climb | conj |
| 26 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 gather | obj |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 put | cc |
| 28 | put | put | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 25 gather | conj |
| 29 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 put | obj |
| 30 | in | in | ADP | _ | 32 bag | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 bag | det |
| 32 | bag | bag | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 put | obl |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 have | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 have | cc |
| 35 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 38 have | advmod |
| 36 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 38 have | nsubj |
| 37 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 38 have | aux |
| 38 | have | have | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 climb | parataxis |
| 39 | plenty | plenty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 have | obj |
| 40 | to | to | PART | _ | 41 eat | mark |
| 41 | eat | eat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 39 plenty | acl |
| 42 | on | on | ADP | _ | 44 road | case |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 road | det |
| 44 | road | road | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 eat | obl |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 38 have | punct |
| 46 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 38 have | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stop a condition, not said to happen | future | you | the ground | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | climb | future | I | the vine | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location vine=Theme | ||||
| 3 | throw | infinitive | I not said here | the rubber fruit | you | down property | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent fruit=Theme to you=Destination | ||
| 4 | gather | can | you | fruit | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | ||||
| 5 | put | infinitive | you not said here | fruit | the bag | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme in bag=Destination | |||
| 6 | have | shall | we | plenty | then | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plenty=Patient | |||
| 7 | eat | to-infinitive | we not said here | plenty not said here | the road | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/18/63/