Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2, sentence 1
The hare took a path which led through some farm, and after a time came across some people who were clearing the ground for their new farm.
Who acts: hare, path, people · What happens: take, lead, come, clear · To what, where: path, farm, ground
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hare, path, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 hare | det |
| 2 | hare | hare | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 took | nsubj |
| 3 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 path | det |
| 5 | path | path | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 took | obj |
| 6 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 led | nsubj |
| 7 | led | lead | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 path | acl:relcl |
| 8 | through | through | ADP | _ | 10 farm | case |
| 9 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 10 farm | det |
| 10 | farm | farm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 led | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 came | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 came | cc |
| 13 | after | after | ADP | _ | 15 time | case |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 time | det |
| 15 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 came | obl |
| 16 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 took | conj |
| 17 | across | across | ADP | _ | 19 people | case |
| 18 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 19 people | det |
| 19 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 came | obl |
| 20 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 22 clearing | nsubj |
| 21 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 clearing | aux |
| 22 | clearing | clear | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 19 people | acl:relcl |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 ground | det |
| 24 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 clearing | obj |
| 25 | for | for | ADP | _ | 28 farm | case |
| 26 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 farm | nmod:poss |
| 27 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 farm | amod |
| 28 | farm | farm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 clearing | obl |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 took | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | past | the hare | a path | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent path=Theme | ||||
| 2 | lead | past | a path | some farm | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent through farm=Destination | ||||
| 3 | come | past | the hare not said here | time | across some people | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme across people=Initial_Location | |||
| 4 | clear | past · progressive | some people | the ground | for people's new farm | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent ground=Product for farm=Beneficiary |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/19/1/