Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2, sentence 13
They then armed themselves with bows and arrows to protect their homes from the enemy.
Who acts: people · What happens: arm, protect · To what, where: people, homes
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 armed | nsubj |
| 2 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 armed | advmod |
| 3 | armed | arm | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 3 armed | obj |
| 5 | with | with | ADP | _ | 6 bows | case |
| 6 | bows | bow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 armed | obl |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 arrows | cc |
| 8 | arrows | arrow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 bows | conj |
| 9 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 protect | mark |
| 10 | protect | protect | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 armed | advcl |
| 11 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 homes | nmod:poss |
| 12 | homes | home | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 protect | obj |
| 13 | from | from | ADP | _ | 15 enemy | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 enemy | det |
| 15 | enemy | enemy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 protect | obl |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 armed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | arm | past | people | people | then | with bows and arrows | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP»: agent=Agent themselves=Recipient with bow=Theme | ||
| 2 | protect | to-infinitive | people not said here | people's homes | from the enemy | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent home=Beneficiary from enemy=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/19/13/