Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2, sentence 30
The old crab was ready for him, and nipped him so severely with her sharp pincer-like claws that water came from his inside and he yelled with pain.
Who acts: old crab, water, Elephantiasis · What happens: be, nip, come, yell · To what, where: Elephantiasis, sharp like claws, inside
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old crab, water, Elephantiasis), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 crab | det |
| 2 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 crab | amod |
| 3 | crab | crab | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 ready | nsubj |
| 4 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 ready | cop |
| 5 | ready | ready | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | for | for | ADP | _ | 7 him | case |
| 7 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 ready | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 nipped | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 nipped | cc |
| 10 | nipped | nip | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 ready | conj |
| 11 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 nipped | obj |
| 12 | so | so | ADV | _ | 13 severely | advmod |
| 13 | severely | severely | ADV | _ | 10 nipped | advmod |
| 14 | with | with | ADP | _ | 20 claws | case |
| 15 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 claws | nmod:poss |
| 16 | sharp | sharp | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 claws | amod |
| 17 | pincer | pincer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 like | compound |
| 18 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 17 pincer | punct |
| 19 | like | like | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 claws | amod |
| 20 | claws | claw | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 nipped | obl |
| 21 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 23 came | obl |
| 22 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 came | nsubj |
| 23 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 claws | acl:relcl |
| 24 | from | from | ADP | _ | 26 inside | case |
| 25 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 inside | nmod:poss |
| 26 | inside | inside | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 came | obl |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 yelled | cc |
| 28 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 yelled | nsubj |
| 29 | yelled | yell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 came | conj |
| 30 | with | with | ADP | _ | 31 pain | case |
| 31 | pain | pain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 yelled | obl |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 ready | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | the old crab | for Elephantiasis; ready property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | nip | past | the old crab not said here | Elephantiasis | with crab's sharp like claws; severely property | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location he=Theme | |||
| 3 | come | past | water | crab's sharp like claws | Elephantiasis's inside | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from inside=Initial_Location | |||
| 4 | yell speech: express | past | Elephantiasis | with pain | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/19/30/