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Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2, sentence 38

During the time the old crab had been fighting the Elephantiasis, the hare had been very busy, and had killed and eaten three of the crab’s children, and then threw their shells behind the fireplace near to where the old crab used to keep her salt.

Who acts: old crab, hare · What happens: fight, be, kill, eat, throw, use · To what, where: Elephantiasis, three, shells, fireplace, old crab, salt

This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old crab, hare), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

casedetobldetamodnsubjauxauxacl:relcldetobjpunctdetnsubjauxcopadvmodpunctccauxparataxisccconjobjcasedetnmod:posscasenmodpunctccadvmodparataxisnmod:possobjcasedetobladvmodcaseconjdetamodnsubjaclmarkadvclnmod:possobjpunctrootDuringADPtheDETtimeNOUNtheDEToldADJcrabNOUNhadAUXbeenAUXfightingVERBtheDETElephantiasisPROPN,PUNCTtheDEThareNOUNhadAUXbeenAUXveryADVbusyADJ,PUNCTandCCONJhadAUXkilledVERBandCCONJeatenVERBthreeNUMofADPtheDETcrabNOUN’sPARTchildrenNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJthenADVthrewVERBtheirPRONshellsNOUNbehindADPtheDETfireplaceNOUNnearADVtoADPwhereADVtheDEToldADJcrabNOUNusedVERBtoPARTkeepVERBherPRONsaltNOUN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1DuringduringADP_3 timecase
2thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art3 timedet
3timetimeNOUNNumber=Sing18 busyobl
4thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art6 crabdet
5oldoldADJDegree=Pos6 crabamod
6crabcrabNOUNNumber=Sing9 fightingnsubj
7hadhaveAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin9 fightingaux
8beenbeAUXTense=Past VerbForm=Part9 fightingaux
9fightingfightVERBTense=Pres VerbForm=Part3 timeacl:relcl
10thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art11 Elephantiasisdet
11ElephantiasisElephantiasisPROPNNumber=Sing9 fightingobj
12,,PUNCT_3 timepunct
13thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art14 haredet
14harehareNOUNNumber=Sing18 busynsubj
15hadhaveAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin18 busyaux
16beenbeAUXTense=Past VerbForm=Part18 busycop
17veryveryADV_18 busyadvmod
18busybusyADJDegree=Posrootroot
19,,PUNCT_22 killedpunct
20andandCCONJ_22 killedcc
21hadhaveAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin22 killedaux
22killedkillVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part18 busyparataxis
23andandCCONJ_24 eatencc
24eateneatVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part22 killedconj
25threethreeNUMNumForm=Word NumType=Card24 eatenobj
26ofofADP_30 childrencase
27thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art28 crabdet
28crabcrabNOUNNumber=Sing30 childrennmod:poss
29’s'sPART_28 crabcase
30childrenchildNOUNNumber=Plur25 threenmod
31,,PUNCT_34 threwpunct
32andandCCONJ_34 threwcc
33thenthenADVPronType=Dem34 threwadvmod
34threwthrowVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin18 busyparataxis
35theirtheirPRONCase=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs36 shellsnmod:poss
36shellsshellNOUNNumber=Plur34 threwobj
37behindbehindADP_39 fireplacecase
38thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art39 fireplacedet
39fireplacefireplaceNOUNNumber=Sing34 threwobl
40nearnearADV_42 whereadvmod
41totoADP_42 wherecase
42wherewhereADVPronType=Rel34 threwconj
43thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art45 crabdet
44oldoldADJDegree=Pos45 crabamod
45crabcrabNOUNNumber=Sing42 wherensubj
46useduseVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass45 crabacl
47totoPART_48 keepmark
48keepkeepVERBVerbForm=Inf46 usedadvcl
49herherPRONCase=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs50 saltnmod:poss
50saltsaltNOUNNumber=Sing48 keepobj
51..PUNCT_18 busypunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1fightpast · perfect · progressivethe old crabthe Elephantiasisvn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent elephantiasis=Co-Agent
2ispast · perfectthe haretimebusy propertytree rules
3killpast · perfectvn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
4eatparticiplethree of the crab's childrenvn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent three=Patient
5throwpastchildren's shellsthe fireplacethenvn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent shell=Theme behind fireplace=Destination
6useparticiplethe old crab not said herevn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
7keepto-infinitivecrab's saltvn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent salt=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/19/38/