Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2, sentence 39
When she returned the hare told her that they should cook and eat his dead enemy, so he made up the fire, and the flesh was put into a pot to boil.
Who acts: crab, shells, hare · What happens: return, tell, cook, eat, make up, put · To what, where: hare, crab, dead enemy, fire, flesh, pot · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (crab, shells, hare), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 3 returned | advmod |
| 2 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 returned | nsubj |
| 3 | returned | return | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 told | advcl |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 hare | det |
| 5 | hare | hare | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 returned | obj |
| 6 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 told | iobj |
| 8 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 11 cook | mark |
| 9 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 cook | nsubj |
| 10 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 11 cook | aux |
| 11 | cook | cook | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 told | xcomp |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 eat | cc |
| 13 | eat | eat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 cook | conj |
| 14 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 enemy | nmod:poss |
| 15 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 enemy | amod |
| 16 | enemy | enemy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 eat | obj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 made | punct |
| 18 | so | so | ADV | _ | 20 made | advmod |
| 19 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 made | nsubj |
| 20 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 told | conj |
| 21 | up | up | ADP | _ | 20 made | compound:prt |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 fire | det |
| 23 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 made | obj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 put | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 put | cc |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 flesh | det |
| 27 | flesh | flesh | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 put | nsubj:pass |
| 28 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 put | aux:pass |
| 29 | put | put | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 told | conj |
| 30 | into | into | ADP | _ | 32 pot | case |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 32 pot | det |
| 32 | pot | pot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 put | obl |
| 33 | to | to | PART | _ | 34 boil | mark |
| 34 | boil | boil | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 29 put | advcl |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 told | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | return | past | crab | the hare | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hare=Theme | ||||
| 2 | tell speech: assert | past | crab | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent she=Recipient clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | cook not said to happen | should | shells = shell | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 4 | eat | infinitive | shells = shell not said here | hare's dead enemy | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent enemy=Patient | ||||
| 5 | make up | past | hare | the fire | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme fire=Pivot | ||||
| 6 | put | past · passive | the flesh | a pot | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: subject=Goal | ||||
| 7 | boil | to-infinitive | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/19/39/