Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2, sentence 40
While the meat was cooking the crab went to get some salt, and to her horror saw the shells of three of her children on the ground where the hare had thrown them.
Who acts: meat · What happens: cook, go, get, see, throw · To what, where: crab, salt, shells, hare
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (meat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | While | while | SCONJ | _ | 5 cooking | mark |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 meat | det |
| 3 | meat | meat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 cooking | nsubj |
| 4 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 cooking | aux |
| 5 | cooking | cook | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 went | advcl |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 crab | det |
| 7 | crab | crab | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 cooking | obj |
| 8 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 get | mark |
| 10 | get | get | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 went | advcl |
| 11 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 12 salt | det |
| 12 | salt | salt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 get | obj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 saw | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 saw | cc |
| 15 | to | to | ADP | _ | 17 horror | case |
| 16 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 horror | nmod:poss |
| 17 | horror | horror | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 saw | obl |
| 18 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 went | conj |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 shells | det |
| 20 | shells | shell | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 saw | obj |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 three | case |
| 22 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 20 shells | nmod |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 children | case |
| 24 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 25 children | nmod:poss |
| 25 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 three | nmod |
| 26 | on | on | ADP | _ | 28 ground | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 ground | det |
| 28 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 children | nmod |
| 29 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 33 thrown | advmod |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 hare | det |
| 31 | hare | hare | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 thrown | nsubj:pass |
| 32 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 thrown | aux |
| 33 | thrown | throw | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 28 ground | acl:relcl |
| 34 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 thrown | obj |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cook | past · progressive | the meat | the crab | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.instrument V NP»: agent=Instrument crab=Patient | ||||
| 2 | go | past | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | get | to-infinitive | some salt | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer salt=Stimulus | |||||
| 4 | see | past | the shells of three of crab's children on the ground | to crab's horror | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer shell=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | throw | past · perfect · passive | the hare | shells = shell obj | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Destination they=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/19/40/