Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2, sentence 53
Now the hare was tired after all his running, and very soon he was fast asleep, so when his wife was certain that he would not wake up easily, she got out of bed very quietly and lit the lamp, as she was extremely curious to know what the ju-ju man had done to her husband’s tail.
Who acts: hare, wife, ju man · What happens: be, not wake up, get out, light, know, do · To what, where: bed, lamp · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hare, wife, ju man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 5 tired | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 hare | det |
| 3 | hare | hare | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 tired | nsubj |
| 4 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 tired | cop |
| 5 | tired | tired | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | after | after | ADP | _ | 9 running | case |
| 7 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 9 running | det:predet |
| 8 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 running | nmod:poss |
| 9 | running | running | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 tired | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 asleep | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 asleep | cc |
| 12 | very | very | ADV | _ | 13 soon | advmod |
| 13 | soon | soon | ADV | Degree=Pos | 17 asleep | advmod |
| 14 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 asleep | nsubj |
| 15 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 asleep | cop |
| 16 | fast | fast | ADV | Degree=Pos | 17 asleep | advmod |
| 17 | asleep | asleep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 tired | conj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 certain | punct |
| 19 | so | so | ADV | _ | 24 certain | advmod |
| 20 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 24 certain | mark |
| 21 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 wife | nmod:poss |
| 22 | wife | wife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 certain | nsubj |
| 23 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 certain | cop |
| 24 | certain | certain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 tired | conj |
| 25 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 29 wake | mark |
| 26 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 wake | nsubj |
| 27 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 29 wake | aux |
| 28 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 29 wake | advmod |
| 29 | wake | wake | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 certain | advcl |
| 30 | up | up | ADP | _ | 29 wake | compound:prt |
| 31 | easily | easily | ADV | _ | 29 wake | advmod |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 got | punct |
| 33 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 got | nsubj |
| 34 | got | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 tired | parataxis |
| 35 | out | out | ADP | _ | 37 bed | case |
| 36 | of | of | ADP | _ | 37 bed | case |
| 37 | bed | bed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 got | obl |
| 38 | very | very | ADV | _ | 39 quietly | advmod |
| 39 | quietly | quietly | ADV | _ | 34 got | advmod |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 lit | cc |
| 41 | lit | light | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 34 got | conj |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 lamp | det |
| 43 | lamp | lamp | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 lit | obj |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 49 curious | punct |
| 45 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 49 curious | mark |
| 46 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 49 curious | nsubj |
| 47 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 49 curious | cop |
| 48 | extremely | extremely | ADV | _ | 49 curious | advmod |
| 49 | curious | curious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 lit | conj |
| 50 | to | to | PART | _ | 51 know | mark |
| 51 | know | know | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 49 curious | csubj |
| 52 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 59 done | obj |
| 53 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 57 man | det |
| 54 | ju | ju | NOUN | Number=Sing | 56 ju | compound |
| 55 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 54 ju | punct |
| 56 | ju | ju | NOUN | Number=Sing | 57 man | compound |
| 57 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 59 done | nsubj |
| 58 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 59 done | aux |
| 59 | done | do | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 51 know | ccomp |
| 60 | to | to | ADP | _ | 64 tail | case |
| 61 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 62 husband | nmod:poss |
| 62 | husband | husband | NOUN | Number=Sing | 64 tail | nmod:poss |
| 63 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 62 husband | case |
| 64 | tail | tail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 59 done | obl |
| 65 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 tired | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | the hare | after hare's running; now | tired property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | is | past | hare | asleep, fast, soon property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | is | past | hare's wife | certain property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | not wake up | would | hare | easily property | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 5 | get out | past | wife | bed | quietly property | tree rules | |||
| 6 | light | past | wife not said here | the lamp | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lamp=Product | ||||
| 7 | is | past | wife | curious, extremely property | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | know | to-infinitive | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | ||||||
| 9 | do | past · perfect | the ju man | to wife's husband's tail; what obj | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality | ||||
| 10 | run | hare | nom running «act intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/19/53/