Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2, sentence 54
When she saw that the hare had lost half his tail, she was ashamed of him, and began to cry.
Who acts: wife · What happens: see, lose, be, begin, cry · To what, where: hare · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wife), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 3 saw | advmod |
| 2 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 saw | nsubj |
| 3 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 ashamed | advcl |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 8 lost | mark |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 hare | det |
| 6 | hare | hare | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 lost | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 lost | aux |
| 8 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 saw | ccomp |
| 9 | half | half | DET | NumForm=Word NumType=Frac PronType=Ind | 11 tail | det:predet |
| 10 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 tail | nmod:poss |
| 11 | tail | tail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 lost | obj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 saw | punct |
| 13 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 ashamed | nsubj |
| 14 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 ashamed | cop |
| 15 | ashamed | ashamed | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 him | case |
| 17 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 ashamed | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 began | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 began | cc |
| 20 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 ashamed | parataxis |
| 21 | to | to | PART | _ | 22 cry | mark |
| 22 | cry | cry | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 began | xcomp |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 15 ashamed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | wife | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | lose | past · perfect · passive | the hare | hare's tail obj | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | is | past | wife | of hare; ashamed property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | begin | past | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||||
| 5 | cry speech: express | to-infinitive | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/19/54/