Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2, sentence 65
The hare then stood up in the doorway, facing his wife, and calling her by name said, “Ekanga, where are you going with that load?
Who acts: hare, calling, you · What happens: stand up, face, call, say, go · To what, where: doorway, wife · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hare, calling, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 hare | det |
| 2 | hare | hare | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 stood | nsubj |
| 3 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 stood | advmod |
| 4 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | up | up | ADP | _ | 4 stood | compound:prt |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 doorway | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 doorway | det |
| 8 | doorway | doorway | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 stood | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 facing | punct |
| 10 | facing | face | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 stood | advcl |
| 11 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 wife | nmod:poss |
| 12 | wife | wife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 facing | obj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 said | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 said | cc |
| 15 | calling | call | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 19 said | csubj |
| 16 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 calling | obj |
| 17 | by | by | ADP | _ | 18 name | case |
| 18 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 calling | obl |
| 19 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 stood | conj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 Ekanga | punct |
| 21 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 22 Ekanga | punct |
| 22 | Ekanga | Ekanga | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 said | ccomp |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 going | punct |
| 24 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 27 going | advmod |
| 25 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 going | aux |
| 26 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 27 going | nsubj |
| 27 | going | go | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 22 Ekanga | csubj |
| 28 | with | with | ADP | _ | 30 load | case |
| 29 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 30 load | det |
| 30 | load | load | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 going | obl |
| 31 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 4 stood | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stand up | past | the hare | the doorway | then | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in doorway=Location | |||
| 2 | face | gerund | the hare not said here | hare's wife | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme wife=Destination | ||||
| 3 | call | gerund | wife | by name | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent she=Recipient | ||||
| 4 | say speech: ask | past | calling | Ekanga ccomp | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | go in a quote | present · progressive | you | with that load | vn help-72.1-2 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent with load=Beneficiary |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/19/65/