Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 3, sentence 1
Now Chief Erim had only two wives; one was an Okuni woman, by whom he had a son called Odoggha Eyu, and the other was a native of Inkum, whose son’s name was Oga Erim.
Who acts: Chief, other, name, son · What happens: have, be, call, name · To what, where: two wives, one Okuni woman, son, native, Oga · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chief, other, name, son), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 had | advmod |
| 2 | Chief | Chief | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 had | nsubj |
| 3 | Erim | Erim | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 Chief | flat |
| 4 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | only | only | ADV | _ | 6 two | advmod |
| 6 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 7 wives | nummod |
| 7 | wives | wife | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 had | obj |
| 8 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 13 woman | punct |
| 9 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 13 woman | nummod |
| 10 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 woman | cop |
| 11 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 woman | det |
| 12 | Okuni | Okuni | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 woman | compound |
| 13 | woman | woman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 had | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 whom | punct |
| 15 | by | by | ADP | _ | 16 whom | case |
| 16 | whom | whom | PRON | PronType=Int | 13 woman | conj |
| 17 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 had | nsubj |
| 18 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 whom | acl:relcl |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 son | det |
| 20 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 had | obj |
| 21 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 20 son | acl |
| 22 | Odoggha | Odoggha | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 called | xcomp |
| 23 | Eyu | Eyu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 Odoggha | flat |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 native | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 native | cc |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 other | det |
| 27 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 native | nsubj |
| 28 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 native | cop |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 native | det |
| 30 | native | native | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 woman | conj |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 Inkum | case |
| 32 | Inkum | Inkum | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 native | nmod |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 Oga | punct |
| 34 | whose | whose | PRON | Poss=Yes PronType=Rel | 35 son | nmod:poss |
| 35 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 name | nmod:poss |
| 36 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 35 son | case |
| 37 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 Oga | nsubj |
| 38 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 39 Oga | cop |
| 39 | Oga | Oga | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 woman | appos |
| 40 | Erim | Erim | PROPN | Number=Sing | 39 Oga | flat |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 had | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | past | Chief | two wives | now | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wife=Patient | |||
| 2 | is a | past | a one Okuni woman and a native | whom conj | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | have | past | Chief | a son | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent son=Patient | ||||
| 4 | call | participle | a son not said here | Odoggha xcomp | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | is a | past | the other | a native | of Inkum | tree rules | |||
| 6 | is a | past | name's son's name's son's name | Oga | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | name | son's name's son's name's son | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/20/1/