Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 3, sentence 24
The first glass was given to the head slave, who had brought the tombo, and he threw it on the ground, asking Ossorwor (God) to bless Chief Erim with plenty of wealth and long life.
Who acts: Chief · What happens: give, bring, throw, ask, bless · To what, where: first glass, head slave, tombo, ground, Ossorwor, Chief
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chief), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 glass | det |
| 2 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 3 glass | amod |
| 3 | glass | glass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 given | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 given | aux:pass |
| 5 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | to | to | ADP | _ | 9 slave | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 slave | det |
| 8 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 slave | compound |
| 9 | slave | slave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 given | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 brought | punct |
| 11 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 13 brought | nsubj:pass |
| 12 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 brought | aux |
| 13 | brought | bring | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 slave | acl:relcl |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 tombo | det |
| 15 | tombo | tombo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 brought | obj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 threw | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 threw | cc |
| 18 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 threw | nsubj |
| 19 | threw | throw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 given | conj |
| 20 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 threw | obj |
| 21 | on | on | ADP | _ | 23 ground | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 ground | det |
| 23 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 threw | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 asking | punct |
| 25 | asking | ask | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 19 threw | advcl |
| 26 | Ossorwor | Ossorwor | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 asking | obj |
| 27 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 28 God | punct |
| 28 | God | God | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 Ossorwor | appos |
| 29 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 28 God | punct |
| 30 | to | to | PART | _ | 31 bless | mark |
| 31 | bless | bless | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 25 asking | xcomp |
| 32 | Chief | Chief | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 bless | obj |
| 33 | Erim | Erim | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 Chief | flat |
| 34 | with | with | ADP | _ | 35 plenty | case |
| 35 | plenty | plenty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 bless | obl |
| 36 | of | of | ADP | _ | 37 wealth | case |
| 37 | wealth | wealth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 plenty | nmod |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 life | cc |
| 39 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 life | amod |
| 40 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 plenty | conj |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 given | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | past · passive | the first glass | the head slave | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Theme to slave=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | bring | past · perfect · passive | the head slave | the tombo obj | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP NP»: subject=Destination tombo=Theme | ||||
| 3 | throw | past | Chief | tombo | the ground | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent it=Theme on ground=Destination | |||
| 4 | ask speech: ask | gerund | Chief not said here | Ossorwor | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S_INF»: agent=Agent ossorwor=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 5 | bless not said to happen | to-infinitive | Chief not said here | Chief | with plenty of wealth and long life | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chief=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/20/24/