Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 3, sentence 42
It did not take the slaves long to realize that they were very little better off for the death of their late master, as Oga Erim carried on much in the same way as his father had.
Who acts: It, slaves, Oga, father, late master · What happens: not take, realize, be, carry on, have, die · To what, where: slaves, much
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (It, slaves, Oga, father), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 take | nsubj |
| 2 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 take | aux |
| 3 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 4 take | advmod |
| 4 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 slaves | det |
| 6 | slaves | slave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 take | obj |
| 7 | long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 4 take | advmod |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 realize | mark |
| 9 | realize | realize | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 take | advcl |
| 10 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 15 better | mark |
| 11 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 better | nsubj |
| 12 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 better | cop |
| 13 | very | very | ADV | _ | 14 little | advmod |
| 14 | little | little | ADV | Degree=Pos | 15 better | advmod |
| 15 | better | good | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 9 realize | advcl |
| 16 | off | off | ADP | _ | 15 better | compound:prt |
| 17 | for | for | ADP | _ | 19 death | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 death | det |
| 19 | death | death | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 better | obl |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 master | case |
| 21 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 master | nmod:poss |
| 22 | late | late | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 master | amod |
| 23 | master | master | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 death | nmod |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 carried | punct |
| 25 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 28 carried | mark |
| 26 | Oga | Oga | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 carried | nsubj |
| 27 | Erim | Erim | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 Oga | flat |
| 28 | carried | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 take | parataxis |
| 29 | on | on | ADV | _ | 30 much | advmod |
| 30 | much | much | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 carried | obj |
| 31 | in | in | ADP | _ | 34 way | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 way | det |
| 33 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 way | amod |
| 34 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 much | obl |
| 35 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 38 had | mark |
| 36 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 37 father | nmod:poss |
| 37 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 had | nsubj |
| 38 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 carried | advcl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 take | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not take | past · do-support | It | the slaves | long property | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent slave=Theme | |||
| 2 | realize | to-infinitive | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 3 | is | past | slaves = slave | for the death of slaves's late master; good, little property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | carry on | past | Oga | much in the same way | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent much=Theme | ||||
| 5 | have | past | Oga's father | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | die | slaves's late master | nom death «event intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/20/42/