Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 3, sentence 41
The chief’s body was therefore buried without any of the customary funeral rites, which saved Oga Erim a large amount of money.
Who acts: customary funeral rites · What happens: bury, save, amount · To what, where: body, large amount, Oga, money
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (customary funeral rites), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 chief | det |
| 2 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 body | nmod:poss |
| 3 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 2 chief | case |
| 4 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 buried | nsubj:pass |
| 5 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 buried | aux:pass |
| 6 | therefore | therefore | ADV | _ | 7 buried | advmod |
| 7 | buried | bury | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | without | without | ADP | _ | 9 any | case |
| 9 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 7 buried | obl |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 rites | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 rites | det |
| 12 | customary | customary | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 rites | compound |
| 13 | funeral | funeral | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 rites | compound |
| 14 | rites | rite | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 any | nmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 saved | punct |
| 16 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 17 saved | nsubj |
| 17 | saved | save | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 rites | acl:relcl |
| 18 | Oga | Oga | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 saved | obj |
| 19 | Erim | Erim | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 Oga | flat |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 amount | det |
| 21 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 amount | amod |
| 22 | amount | amount | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 saved | obj |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 money | case |
| 24 | money | money | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 amount | nmod |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 buried | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bury | past · passive | the chief's body | without any of the customary funeral rites; therefore property | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 2 | save | past | the customary funeral rites | a large amount of money | Oga | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: agent=Agent oga=Beneficiary amount=Theme | |||
| 3 | amount | money | nom amount «possession transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/20/41/