Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 3, sentence 64
When Odoggha Eyu heard that his brother Oga was dead, he called his company together to go with him to Inkum, and remembering how wealthy his father had been, he hired many slaves to carry the property back to Okuni.
Who acts: Odoggha, brother · What happens: hear, be, call, go, remember, hire · To what, where: company, Inkum, many slaves, property · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Odoggha, brother), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 heard | advmod |
| 2 | Odoggha | Odoggha | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 heard | nsubj |
| 3 | Eyu | Eyu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 Odoggha | flat |
| 4 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 called | advcl |
| 5 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 10 dead | mark |
| 6 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 brother | nmod:poss |
| 7 | brother | brother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 dead | nsubj |
| 8 | Oga | Oga | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 brother | appos |
| 9 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 dead | cop |
| 10 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 heard | ccomp |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 heard | punct |
| 12 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 called | nsubj |
| 13 | called | call | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 14 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 company | nmod:poss |
| 15 | company | company | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 called | obj |
| 16 | together | together | ADV | _ | 13 called | advmod |
| 17 | to | to | PART | _ | 18 go | mark |
| 18 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 called | advcl |
| 19 | with | with | ADP | _ | 20 him | case |
| 20 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 go | obl |
| 21 | to | to | ADP | _ | 22 Inkum | case |
| 22 | Inkum | Inkum | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 go | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 remembering | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 remembering | cc |
| 25 | remembering | remember | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 13 called | advcl |
| 26 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 27 wealthy | advmod |
| 27 | wealthy | wealthy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 remembering | xcomp |
| 28 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 father | nmod:poss |
| 29 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 been | nsubj |
| 30 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 been | aux |
| 31 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 27 wealthy | acl:relcl |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 hired | punct |
| 33 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 hired | nsubj |
| 34 | hired | hire | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 called | conj |
| 35 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 slaves | amod |
| 36 | slaves | slave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 hired | obj |
| 37 | to | to | PART | _ | 38 carry | mark |
| 38 | carry | carry | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 34 hired | advcl |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 property | det |
| 40 | property | property | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 carry | obj |
| 41 | back | back | ADV | _ | 38 carry | advmod |
| 42 | to | to | ADP | _ | 43 Okuni | case |
| 43 | Okuni | Okuni | PROPN | Number=Sing | 41 back | obl |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 called | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | Odoggha | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 2 | is | past | Odoggha's brother | dead property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | call | past | Odoggha | Oga's company | together property | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent company=Recipient | |||
| 4 | go | to-infinitive | Odoggha not said here | Inkum | with Oga | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to inkum=Initial_Location | |||
| 5 | remember | gerund | Odoggha not said here | wealthy property | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | hire | past | Odoggha | many slaves | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent slave=Theme | ||||
| 7 | carry | to-infinitive | Odoggha not said here | the property | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent property=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/20/64/