Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 3, sentence 71
Many men and women came to the funeral, as it was known that Oga Erim was rich, and Odoggha Eyu provided food and drink for them all, and the feasting, dancing and singing was continued for five days and nights.
Who acts: Many men, Oga, Odoggha · What happens: come, know, be, provide, continue · To what, where: funeral, food, feasting
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many men, Oga, Odoggha), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 men | amod |
| 2 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 came | nsubj |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 women | cc |
| 4 | women | woman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 men | conj |
| 5 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | to | to | ADP | _ | 8 funeral | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 funeral | det |
| 8 | funeral | funeral | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 came | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 known | punct |
| 10 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 13 known | mark |
| 11 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 known | nsubj:pass |
| 12 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 known | aux:pass |
| 13 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 came | conj |
| 14 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 18 rich | mark |
| 15 | Oga | Oga | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 rich | nsubj |
| 16 | Erim | Erim | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 Oga | flat |
| 17 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 rich | cop |
| 18 | rich | rich | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 known | xcomp |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 provided | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 provided | cc |
| 21 | Odoggha | Odoggha | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 provided | nsubj |
| 22 | Eyu | Eyu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 Odoggha | flat |
| 23 | provided | provide | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 came | parataxis |
| 24 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 provided | obj |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 drink | cc |
| 26 | drink | drink | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 food | conj |
| 27 | for | for | ADP | _ | 28 them | case |
| 28 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 provided | obl |
| 29 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 28 them | nmod:unmarked |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 continued | punct |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 continued | cc |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 feasting | det |
| 33 | feasting | feasting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 continued | nsubj:pass |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 dancing | punct |
| 35 | dancing | dancing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 feasting | conj |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 singing | cc |
| 37 | singing | singing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 dancing | conj |
| 38 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 39 continued | aux:pass |
| 39 | continued | continue | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 came | parataxis |
| 40 | for | for | ADP | _ | 42 days | case |
| 41 | five | five | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 42 days | nummod |
| 42 | days | day | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 continued | obl |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 nights | cc |
| 44 | nights | night | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 days | conj |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 came | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | Many men and women | the funeral | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to funeral=Initial_Location | ||||
| 2 | know | past · passive | funeral | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | is | past | Oga | rich property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | provide | past | Odoggha | food and drink | for men = man | vn ensure-99 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Precondition food=Theme for they=Beneficiary | |||
| 5 | continue | past · passive | the feasting and dancing and singing | day | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/20/71/