Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 3, sentence 72
The grave was then filled in and beaten down, and the outside was polished.
What happens: fill in, beat down, polish · To what, where: grave, outside
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 grave | det |
| 2 | grave | grave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 filled | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 filled | aux:pass |
| 4 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 5 filled | advmod |
| 5 | filled | fill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 filled | compound:prt |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 beaten | cc |
| 8 | beaten | beat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 filled | conj |
| 9 | down | down | ADP | _ | 8 beaten | compound:prt |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 polished | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 polished | cc |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 outside | det |
| 13 | outside | outside | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 polished | nsubj:pass |
| 14 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 polished | aux:pass |
| 15 | polished | polish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 filled | conj |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 filled | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fill in | past · passive | the grave | then | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 2 | beat down | participle | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | polish | past · passive | the outside | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: subject=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/20/72/