Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 4, sentence 19
A day was appointed for the races to be held, and a long straight course was cut.
What happens: appoint, hold, cut · To what, where: long straight course
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 day | det |
| 2 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 appointed | obl:unmarked |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 appointed | aux:pass |
| 4 | appointed | appoint | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | for | for | ADP | _ | 7 races | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 races | det |
| 7 | races | race | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 appointed | obl |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 held | mark |
| 9 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 10 held | aux:pass |
| 10 | held | hold | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 appointed | advcl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 cut | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 cut | cc |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 course | det |
| 14 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 course | amod |
| 15 | straight | straight | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 course | amod |
| 16 | course | course | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 cut | nsubj:pass |
| 17 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 cut | aux:pass |
| 18 | cut | cut | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 appointed | conj |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 appointed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | appoint | past · passive | day | for the races | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP» | ||||
| 2 | hold | to-infinitive · passive | vn exist-47.1 «NP V» | ||||||
| 3 | cut | past · passive | a long straight course | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/21/19/