Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 4, sentence 20
It was decided that the races should be run from one end of the course to the other and back again to the starting-point, and the first one to get back would be declared the winner.
What happens: decide, run, get back, declare · To what, where: course, races, one end, first one · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 decided | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 decided | aux:pass |
| 3 | decided | decide | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 9 run | mark |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 races | det |
| 6 | races | race | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 run | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 9 run | aux |
| 8 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 9 run | aux:pass |
| 9 | run | run | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 decided | ccomp |
| 10 | from | from | ADP | _ | 12 end | case |
| 11 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 12 end | nummod |
| 12 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 run | obl |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 course | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 course | det |
| 15 | course | course | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 end | nmod |
| 16 | to | to | ADP | _ | 26 point | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 point | det |
| 18 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 point | amod |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 point | cc |
| 20 | back | back | ADV | _ | 21 again | advmod |
| 21 | again | again | ADV | _ | 26 point | advmod |
| 22 | to | to | ADP | _ | 26 point | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 point | det |
| 24 | starting | starting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 point | compound |
| 25 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 24 starting | punct |
| 26 | point | point | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 run | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 declared | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 declared | cc |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 one | det |
| 30 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 31 one | amod |
| 31 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 declared | nsubj:pass |
| 32 | to | to | PART | _ | 33 get | mark |
| 33 | get | get | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 one | acl |
| 34 | back | back | ADV | _ | 33 get | advmod |
| 35 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 37 declared | aux |
| 36 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 37 declared | aux:pass |
| 37 | declared | declare | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 decided | conj |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 winner | det |
| 39 | winner | winner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 declared | obj |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 decided | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | decide | past · passive | course | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V PP.co-agent that S»: subject=Co-Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | run | should · passive | the races | from one end of the course | to the other starting point | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial_location PP.destination»: subject=Theme from end=Initial_Location to point=Destination | |||
| 3 | get back | to-infinitive | the first one not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 4 | declare speech: other | would · passive | the first one | the winner obj | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Theme winner=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/21/20/