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Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 4, sentence 22

Several young men who were noted for their speed and many swift-running animals competed for the bush buck’s daughter, but they were all beaten by the bush buck.

Who acts: bush buck · What happens: note, run, compete, beat · To what, where: Several young men, many running animals, animals

This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bush buck), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

amodamodnsubj:passnsubjaux:passcasenmod:possoblccamodamodpunctamodconjaclcasedetcompoundnmod:posscaseoblpunctccnsubj:passaux:passadvmodconjcasedetcompoundoblpunctrootSeveralADJyoungADJmenNOUNwhoPRONwereAUXnotedVERBforADPtheirPRONspeedNOUNandCCONJmanyADJswiftADJ-PUNCTrunningVERBanimalsNOUNcompetedVERBforADPtheDETbushNOUNbuckNOUN’sPARTdaughterNOUN,PUNCTbutCCONJtheyPRONwereAUXallADVbeatenVERBbyADPtheDETbushNOUNbuckNOUN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1SeveralseveralADJDegree=Pos3 menamod
2youngyoungADJDegree=Pos3 menamod
3menmanNOUNNumber=Plur6 notednsubj:pass
4whowhoPRONPronType=Rel6 notednsubj
5werebeAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin6 notedaux:pass
6notednoteVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Passrootroot
7forforADP_9 speedcase
8theirtheirPRONCase=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs9 speednmod:poss
9speedspeedNOUNNumber=Sing6 notedobl
10andandCCONJ_15 animalscc
11manymanyADJDegree=Pos15 animalsamod
12swiftswiftADJDegree=Pos14 runningamod
13--PUNCT_12 swiftpunct
14runningrunVERBVerbForm=Ger15 animalsamod
15animalsanimalNOUNNumber=Plur9 speedconj
16competedcompeteVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass15 animalsacl
17forforADP_22 daughtercase
18thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art20 buckdet
19bushbushNOUNNumber=Sing20 buckcompound
20buckbuckNOUNNumber=Sing22 daughternmod:poss
21’s'sPART_20 buckcase
22daughterdaughterNOUNNumber=Sing16 competedobl
23,,PUNCT_28 beatenpunct
24butbutCCONJ_28 beatencc
25theytheyPRONCase=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs28 beatennsubj:pass
26werebeAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin28 beatenaux:pass
27allallADV_28 beatenadvmod
28beatenbeatVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass6 notedconj
29bybyADP_32 buckcase
30thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art32 buckdet
31bushbushNOUNNumber=Sing32 buckcompound
32buckbuckNOUNNumber=Sing28 beatenobl
33..PUNCT_6 notedpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1notepast · passiveSeveral young menfor animals's speed and many running animals; who nsubjvn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic
2rungerundvn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3competeparticiplemany running animals not said herefor the bush buck's daughtervn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4beatpast · passivethe bush buckanimals = animalall propertyvn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location subject=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/21/22/