Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 4, sentence 23
After several races of this kind had been held, the fame of the pretty daughter of the bush buck spread far and wide, and many other men and animals came from distant parts to try and win her, but without success.
Who acts: fame, many other men, kind · What happens: hold, spread, come, try, win, race · To what, where: several races, distant parts, RACE
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fame, many other men, kind), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | After | after | SCONJ | _ | 9 held | mark |
| 2 | several | several | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 races | amod |
| 3 | races | race | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 held | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 kind | case |
| 5 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 6 kind | det |
| 6 | kind | kind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 races | nmod |
| 7 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 held | aux |
| 8 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 9 held | aux:pass |
| 9 | held | hold | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 spread | advcl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 held | punct |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 fame | det |
| 12 | fame | fame | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 spread | nsubj |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 daughter | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 daughter | det |
| 15 | pretty | pretty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 daughter | amod |
| 16 | daughter | daughter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 fame | nmod |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 buck | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 buck | det |
| 19 | bush | bush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 buck | compound |
| 20 | buck | buck | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 daughter | nmod |
| 21 | spread | spread | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 22 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 21 spread | advmod |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 wide | cc |
| 24 | wide | wide | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 far | conj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 came | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 came | cc |
| 27 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 men | amod |
| 28 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 men | amod |
| 29 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 came | nsubj |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 animals | cc |
| 31 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 men | conj |
| 32 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 spread | conj |
| 33 | from | from | ADP | _ | 35 parts | case |
| 34 | distant | distant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 parts | amod |
| 35 | parts | part | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 came | obl |
| 36 | to | to | PART | _ | 37 try | mark |
| 37 | try | try | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 35 parts | acl |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 win | cc |
| 39 | win | win | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 37 try | conj |
| 40 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 win | obj |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 success | punct |
| 42 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 44 success | cc |
| 43 | without | without | ADP | _ | 44 success | case |
| 44 | success | success | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 came | obl |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 21 spread | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hold | past · perfect · passive | several races of this kind | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 2 | spread | past | the fame of the pretty daughter of the bush buck | far property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | come | past | many other men and animals | distant parts | without success | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from part=Initial_Location | |||
| 4 | try | to-infinitive | many other men and animals not said here | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 5 | win | infinitive | many other men and animals not said here | RACE | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Eventuality | ||||
| 6 | race | this kind | nom race «event intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/21/23/