Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 4, sentence 28
He then said to his company, “Are we not all alike?”
Who acts: FROG, we · What happens: say, not be · To what, where: company · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (FROG, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 said | nsubj |
| 2 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 said | advmod |
| 3 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 company | case |
| 5 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 company | nmod:poss |
| 6 | company | company | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 said | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 alike | punct |
| 8 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 alike | punct |
| 9 | Are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 alike | cop |
| 10 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 13 alike | nsubj |
| 11 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 13 alike | advmod |
| 12 | all | all | ADV | _ | 13 alike | advmod |
| 13 | alike | alike | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 said | ccomp |
| 14 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 13 alike | punct |
| 15 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 alike | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: ask | past | FROG | FROG's company | then | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to company=Recipient | |||
| 2 | not is in a quote | present | we | alike, all property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/21/28/