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Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 4, sentence 27

The young frog allowed his companions to enjoy their laugh, and when they were quiet again he said, “I have a plan, and if you will all help me I am certain to win the race, and when I have got the bush buck’s daughter for my wife I will give you a big feast, and it will be a great score to us to win her where everybody else has failed.”

Who acts: young frog, companions, FROG, you, feast, everybody · What happens: allow, enjoy, be, say, have, help · To what, where: companions, laugh, plan, FROG, race, daughter · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (young frog, companions, FROG, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

detamodnsubjnmod:possobjmarkxcompnmod:possobjpunctccadvmodnsubjcopadvcladvmodnsubjconjpunctpunctnsubjccompdetobjpunctccmarknsubjauxadvmodadvclobjnsubjcopconjmarkadvcldetobjpunctccadvmodnsubjauxcsubjdetcompoundnmod:posscaseobjcasenmod:possoblnsubjauxccompiobjdetamodobjpunctccnsubjauxcopdetamodoblcasenmodmarkaclobjadvmodnsubjadvmodauxadvclpunctpunctrootTheDETyoungADJfrogNOUNallowedVERBhisPRONcompanionsNOUNtoPARTenjoyVERBtheirPRONlaughNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJwhenADVtheyPRONwereAUXquietADJagainADVhePRONsaidVERB,PUNCT“PUNCTIPRONhaveVERBaDETplanNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJifSCONJyouPRONwillAUXallADVhelpVERBmePRONIPRONamAUXcertainADJtoPARTwinVERBtheDETraceNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJwhenADVIPRONhaveAUXgotVERBtheDETbushNOUNbuckNOUN’sPARTdaughterNOUNforADPmyPRONwifeNOUNIPRONwillAUXgiveVERByouPRONaDETbigADJfeastNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJitPRONwillAUXbeAUXaDETgreatADJscoreNOUNtoADPusPRONtoPARTwinVERBherPRONwhereADVeverybodyPRONelseADVhasAUXfailedVERB.PUNCT”PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1ThetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art3 frogdet
2youngyoungADJDegree=Pos3 frogamod
3frogfrogNOUNNumber=Sing4 allowednsubj
4allowedallowVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Finrootroot
5hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs6 companionsnmod:poss
6companionscompanionNOUNNumber=Plur4 allowedobj
7totoPART_8 enjoymark
8enjoyenjoyVERBVerbForm=Inf4 allowedxcomp
9theirtheirPRONCase=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs10 laughnmod:poss
10laughlaughNOUNNumber=Sing8 enjoyobj
11,,PUNCT_19 saidpunct
12andandCCONJ_19 saidcc
13whenwhenADVPronType=Int16 quietadvmod
14theytheyPRONCase=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs16 quietnsubj
15werebeAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin16 quietcop
16quietquietADJDegree=Pos19 saidadvcl
17againagainADV_19 saidadvmod
18hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs19 saidnsubj
19saidsayVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin4 allowedconj
20,,PUNCT_23 havepunct
21“"PUNCT_23 havepunct
22IIPRONCase=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs23 havensubj
23havehaveVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin19 saidccomp
24aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art25 plandet
25planplanNOUNNumber=Sing23 haveobj
26,,PUNCT_36 certainpunct
27andandCCONJ_36 certaincc
28ififSCONJ_32 helpmark
29youyouPRONCase=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs32 helpnsubj
30willwillAUXVerbForm=Fin32 helpaux
31allallADV_32 helpadvmod
32helphelpVERBVerbForm=Inf36 certainadvcl
33meIPRONCase=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs32 helpobj
34IIPRONCase=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs36 certainnsubj
35ambeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin36 certaincop
36certaincertainADJDegree=Pos23 haveconj
37totoPART_38 winmark
38winwinVERBVerbForm=Inf36 certainadvcl
39thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art40 racedet
40raceraceNOUNNumber=Sing38 winobj
41,,PUNCT_46 gotpunct
42andandCCONJ_46 gotcc
43whenwhenADVPronType=Int46 gotadvmod
44IIPRONCase=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs46 gotnsubj
45havehaveAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin46 gotaux
46gotgetVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part57 givecsubj
47thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art49 buckdet
48bushbushNOUNNumber=Sing49 buckcompound
49buckbuckNOUNNumber=Sing51 daughternmod:poss
50’s'sPART_49 buckcase
51daughterdaughterNOUNNumber=Sing46 gotobj
52forforADP_54 wifecase
53mymyPRONCase=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs54 wifenmod:poss
54wifewifeNOUNNumber=Sing46 gotobl
55IIPRONCase=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs57 givensubj
56willwillAUXVerbForm=Fin57 giveaux
57givegiveVERBVerbForm=Inf19 saidccomp
58youyouPRONCase=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs57 giveiobj
59aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art61 feastdet
60bigbigADJDegree=Pos61 feastamod
61feastfeastNOUNNumber=Sing57 giveobj
62,,PUNCT_69 scorepunct
63andandCCONJ_69 scorecc
64ititPRONCase=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs69 scorensubj
65willwillAUXVerbForm=Fin69 scoreaux
66bebeAUXVerbForm=Inf69 scorecop
67aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art69 scoredet
68greatgreatADJDegree=Pos69 scoreamod
69scorescoreNOUNNumber=Sing57 giveobl
70totoADP_71 uscase
71uswePRONCase=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs69 scorenmod
72totoPART_73 winmark
73winwinVERBVerbForm=Inf69 scoreacl
74hershePRONCase=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs73 winobj
75wherewhereADVPronType=Rel79 failedadvmod
76everybodyeverybodyPRONNumber=Sing PronType=Tot79 failednsubj
77elseelseADV_76 everybodyadvmod
78hashaveAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin79 failedaux
79failedfailVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part73 winadvcl
80..PUNCT_4 allowedpunct
81”"PUNCT_4 allowedpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1allowpastthe young frogFROG's companionsvn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: agent=Causer companion=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality
2enjoy not said to happento-infinitiveFROG's companions not said herecompanions's laughvn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer laugh=Stimulus
3ispastcompanions = companionquiet propertytree rules
4say speech: assertpastFROGagainvn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
5have in a quotepresentFROGa planvn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plan=Patient
6help a condition, not said to happen, in a quotefutureyouFROGall propertyvn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Beneficiary
7is in a quotepresentFROGcertain propertytree rules
8win in a quoteto-infinitiveFROG not said herethe racevn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent race=Eventuality
9get in a quotepresent · perfectFROGthe bush buck's daughterfor my wifevn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent daughter=Theme for wife=Beneficiary
10give in a quotefutureFROGa big feastyouvn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient feast=Theme
11is a in a quotefuturefeasta great scoreustree rules
12win in a quoteto-infinitiveFROG not said hereDAUGHTERvn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Eventuality
13fail in a quotepresent · perfecteverybodyvn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
14laughcompanions = companionnom laugh «communication intransitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/21/27/