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Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 4, sentence 37

Early in the morning all the frogs took up their positions along the course, and the young frog jumped on to the course where the starting-place was and waited for the bush buck to arrive.

Who acts: frogs, young frog, starting place · What happens: take up, jump on, be, arrive · To what, where: positions

This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (frogs, young frog, starting place), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

advmodcasedetobldet:predetdetnsubjcompound:prtnmod:possobjcasedetoblpunctccdetamodnsubjconjcompound:prtcasedetobladvmoddetcompoundpunctnsubjcopccadvclcasedetcompoundoblmarkadvclpunctrootEarlyADVinADPtheDETmorningNOUNallDETtheDETfrogsNOUNtookVERBupADPtheirPRONpositionsNOUNalongADPtheDETcourseNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJtheDETyoungADJfrogNOUNjumpedVERBonADPtoADPtheDETcourseNOUNwhereADVtheDETstartingNOUN-PUNCTplaceNOUNwasAUXandCCONJwaitedVERBforADPtheDETbushNOUNbuckNOUNtoPARTarriveVERB.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1EarlyearlyADVDegree=Pos8 tookadvmod
2ininADP_4 morningcase
3thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art4 morningdet
4morningmorningNOUNNumber=Sing1 Earlyobl
5allallDETPronType=Tot7 frogsdet:predet
6thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art7 frogsdet
7frogsfrogNOUNNumber=Plur8 tooknsubj
8tooktakeVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Finrootroot
9upupADP_8 tookcompound:prt
10theirtheirPRONCase=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs11 positionsnmod:poss
11positionspositionNOUNNumber=Plur8 tookobj
12alongalongADP_14 coursecase
13thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art14 coursedet
14coursecourseNOUNNumber=Sing8 tookobl
15,,PUNCT_20 jumpedpunct
16andandCCONJ_20 jumpedcc
17thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art19 frogdet
18youngyoungADJDegree=Pos19 frogamod
19frogfrogNOUNNumber=Sing20 jumpednsubj
20jumpedjumpVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin8 tookconj
21ononADP_20 jumpedcompound:prt
22totoADP_24 coursecase
23thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art24 coursedet
24coursecourseNOUNNumber=Sing20 jumpedobl
25wherewhereADVPronType=Rel32 waitedadvmod
26thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art29 placedet
27startingstartingNOUNNumber=Sing29 placecompound
28--PUNCT_27 startingpunct
29placeplaceNOUNNumber=Sing32 waitednsubj
30wasbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin32 waitedcop
31andandCCONJ_32 waitedcc
32waitedwaitVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin20 jumpedadvcl
33forforADP_36 buckcase
34thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art36 buckdet
35bushbushNOUNNumber=Sing36 buckcompound
36buckbuckNOUNNumber=Sing32 waitedobl
37totoPART_38 arrivemark
38arrivearriveVERBVerbForm=Inf32 waitedadvcl
39..PUNCT_8 tookpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1take uppastall frogswhole's positionsalong the course; early propertyvn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent position=Theme
2jump onpastthe young frogto the course resultvn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to course=Result
3ispastthe starting placefor the bush buck; wait propertytree rules
4arriveto-infinitivethe starting place not said herevn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/21/37/