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Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 4, sentence 46

The frog then took his beautiful wife to his house near the spring, where they had a big play; and after the dancing was over the frog gave all the members of his company who had helped him to win the race quantities of food and tombo, which had been prepared for them.

Who acts: frog, people, company, members · What happens: take, have, be, help, win, prepare · To what, where: beautiful wife, house, big play, FROG, race quantities, food

This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (frog, people, company, members), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

detnsubjadvmodnmod:possamodobjcasenmod:possoblcasedetoblpunctadvmodnsubjconjdetamodobjpunctcccasedetoblcopmarkdetnsubjconjdet:predetdetnsubjcasenmod:possnmodnsubjacl:relclparataxisobjmarkxcompdetcompoundobjcasenmodccconjpunctnsubj:passauxaux:passaclcaseoblpunctrootTheDETfrogNOUNthenADVtookVERBhisPRONbeautifulADJwifeNOUNtoADPhisPRONhouseNOUNnearADPtheDETspringNOUN,PUNCTwhereADVtheyPRONhadVERBaDETbigADJplayNOUN;PUNCTandCCONJafterADPtheDETdancingNOUNwasAUXoverSCONJtheDETfrogNOUNgaveVERBallDETtheDETmembersNOUNofADPhisPRONcompanyNOUNwhoPRONhadVERBhelpedVERBhimPRONtoPARTwinVERBtheDETraceNOUNquantitiesNOUNofADPfoodNOUNandCCONJtomboNOUN,PUNCTwhichPRONhadAUXbeenAUXpreparedVERBforADPthemPRON.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1ThetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art2 frogdet
2frogfrogNOUNNumber=Sing4 tooknsubj
3thenthenADVPronType=Dem4 tookadvmod
4tooktakeVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Finrootroot
5hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs7 wifenmod:poss
6beautifulbeautifulADJDegree=Pos7 wifeamod
7wifewifeNOUNNumber=Sing4 tookobj
8totoADP_10 housecase
9hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs10 housenmod:poss
10househouseNOUNNumber=Sing4 tookobl
11nearnearADP_13 springcase
12thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art13 springdet
13springspringNOUNNumber=Sing4 tookobl
14,,PUNCT_17 hadpunct
15wherewhereADVPronType=Rel17 hadadvmod
16theytheyPRONCase=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs17 hadnsubj
17hadhaveVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin4 tookconj
18aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art20 playdet
19bigbigADJDegree=Pos20 playamod
20playplayNOUNNumber=Sing17 hadobj
21;;PUNCT_30 gavepunct
22andandCCONJ_30 gavecc
23afterafterADP_25 dancingcase
24thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art25 dancingdet
25dancingdancingNOUNNumber=Sing30 gaveobl
26wasbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin30 gavecop
27overoverSCONJ_30 gavemark
28thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art29 frogdet
29frogfrogNOUNNumber=Sing30 gavensubj
30gavegiveVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin4 tookconj
31allallDETPronType=Tot33 membersdet:predet
32thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art33 membersdet
33membersmemberNOUNNumber=Plur39 helpednsubj
34ofofADP_36 companycase
35hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs36 companynmod:poss
36companycompanyNOUNNumber=Sing33 membersnmod
37whowhoPRONPronType=Rel38 hadnsubj
38hadhaveVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin36 companyacl:relcl
39helpedhelpVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin30 gaveparataxis
40himhePRONCase=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs39 helpedobj
41totoPART_42 winmark
42winwinVERBVerbForm=Inf39 helpedxcomp
43thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art45 quantitiesdet
44raceraceNOUNNumber=Sing45 quantitiescompound
45quantitiesquantityNOUNNumber=Plur42 winobj
46ofofADP_47 foodcase
47foodfoodNOUNNumber=Sing45 quantitiesnmod
48andandCCONJ_49 tombocc
49tombotomboNOUNNumber=Sing47 foodconj
50,,PUNCT_54 preparedpunct
51whichwhichPRONPronType=Rel54 preparednsubj:pass
52hadhaveAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin54 preparedaux
53beenbeAUXTense=Past VerbForm=Part54 preparedaux:pass
54preparedprepareVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass47 foodacl
55forforADP_56 themcase
56themtheyPRONCase=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs54 preparedobl
57..PUNCT_4 tookpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1takepastthe frogFROG's beautiful wifeFROG's housethen; springvn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent wife=Theme to house=Destination
2havepastpeoplea big playvn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent play=Patient
3ispastthe frogafter the dancinggive propertytree rules
4havepastFROG's companyvn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
5helppastall members of FROG's companyFROGvn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent he=Beneficiary clause=Theme
6winto-infinitiveFROG not said herethe race quantities of food and tombovn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent quantity=Eventuality
7preparepast · perfect · passivefood and tombofor peoplevn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: subject=Product for they=Beneficiary

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

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