Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 4, sentence 47
The young frog then went into the water, and called upon his wife to follow him.
Who acts: young frog · What happens: go, call, follow · To what, where: water, FROG · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (young frog), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 frog | det |
| 2 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 frog | amod |
| 3 | frog | frog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 went | nsubj |
| 4 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 5 went | advmod |
| 5 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | into | into | ADP | _ | 8 water | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 water | det |
| 8 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 went | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 called | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 called | cc |
| 11 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 went | parataxis |
| 12 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 14 wife | case |
| 13 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 wife | nmod:poss |
| 14 | wife | wife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 called | obl |
| 15 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 follow | mark |
| 16 | follow | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 called | advcl |
| 17 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 follow | obj |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go | past | the young frog | the water | then | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme into water=Initial_Location | |||
| 2 | call | participle | upon FROG's wife | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | follow | to-infinitive | FROG | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/21/47/