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Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 4, sentence 48

She went into the stream until the water came up to her neck, but, being naturally very timid, she was afraid to go further, and struggled back to the bank, where she said to her husband, “If you wish to live with me you will have to come on to the land, as I cannot live in the water.”

Who acts: WIFE, water, husband · What happens: go, come up, be, struggle back, say, wish · To what, where: stream, neck, husband, land, water · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (WIFE, water, husband), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

nsubjcasedetoblmarkdetnsubjadvcladvmodcasenmod:possoblpunctccpunctcopadvmodadvmodparataxispunctnsubjcopconjmarkxcompadvmodpunctccconjadvmodcasedetoblpunctadvmodnsubjparataxiscasenmod:possoblpunctpunctmarknsubjadvclmarkxcompcaseoblnsubjauxconjmarkxcompadvmodcasedetoblpunctmarknsubjauxadvmodconjcasedetoblpunctpunctrootShePRONwentVERBintoADPtheDETstreamNOUNuntilSCONJtheDETwaterNOUNcameVERBupADVtoADPherPRONneckNOUN,PUNCTbutCCONJ,PUNCTbeingAUXnaturallyADVveryADVtimidADJ,PUNCTshePRONwasAUXafraidADJtoPARTgoVERBfurtherADV,PUNCTandCCONJstruggledVERBbackADVtoADPtheDETbankNOUN,PUNCTwhereADVshePRONsaidVERBtoADPherPRONhusbandNOUN,PUNCT“PUNCTIfSCONJyouPRONwishVERBtoPARTliveVERBwithADPmePRONyouPRONwillAUXhaveVERBtoPARTcomeVERBonADVtoADPtheDETlandNOUN,PUNCTasSCONJIPRONcanAUXnotPARTliveVERBinADPtheDETwaterNOUN.PUNCT”PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1SheshePRONCase=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs2 wentnsubj
2wentgoVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Finrootroot
3intointoADP_5 streamcase
4thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art5 streamdet
5streamstreamNOUNNumber=Sing2 wentobl
6untiluntilSCONJ_9 camemark
7thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art8 waterdet
8waterwaterNOUNNumber=Sing9 camensubj
9camecomeVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin2 wentadvcl
10upupADV_9 cameadvmod
11totoADP_13 neckcase
12herherPRONCase=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs13 necknmod:poss
13neckneckNOUNNumber=Sing9 cameobl
14,,PUNCT_20 timidpunct
15butbutCCONJ_20 timidcc
16,,PUNCT_20 timidpunct
17beingbeAUXTense=Pres VerbForm=Part20 timidcop
18naturallynaturallyADV_20 timidadvmod
19veryveryADV_20 timidadvmod
20timidtimidADJDegree=Pos2 wentparataxis
21,,PUNCT_24 afraidpunct
22sheshePRONCase=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs24 afraidnsubj
23wasbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin24 afraidcop
24afraidafraidADJDegree=Pos20 timidconj
25totoPART_26 gomark
26gogoVERBVerbForm=Inf24 afraidxcomp
27furtherfurtherADV_26 goadvmod
28,,PUNCT_30 struggledpunct
29andandCCONJ_30 struggledcc
30struggledstruggleVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin2 wentconj
31backbackADV_30 struggledadvmod
32totoADP_34 bankcase
33thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art34 bankdet
34bankbankNOUNNumber=Sing30 struggledobl
35,,PUNCT_38 saidpunct
36wherewhereADVPronType=Rel38 saidadvmod
37sheshePRONCase=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs38 saidnsubj
38saidsayVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin30 struggledparataxis
39totoADP_41 husbandcase
40herherPRONCase=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs41 husbandnmod:poss
41husbandhusbandNOUNNumber=Sing38 saidobl
42,,PUNCT_53 havepunct
43“"PUNCT_53 havepunct
44IfifSCONJ_46 wishmark
45youyouPRONCase=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs46 wishnsubj
46wishwishVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin53 haveadvcl
47totoPART_48 livemark
48liveliveVERBVerbForm=Inf46 wishxcomp
49withwithADP_50 mecase
50meIPRONCase=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs48 liveobl
51youyouPRONCase=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs53 havensubj
52willwillAUXVerbForm=Fin53 haveaux
53havehaveVERBVerbForm=Inf38 saidconj
54totoPART_55 comemark
55comecomeVERBVerbForm=Inf53 havexcomp
56ononADV_55 comeadvmod
57totoADP_59 landcase
58thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art59 landdet
59landlandNOUNNumber=Sing55 comeobl
60,,PUNCT_65 livepunct
61asasSCONJ_65 livemark
62IIPRONCase=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs65 livensubj
63cancanAUXVerbForm=Fin65 liveaux
64notnotPARTPolarity=Neg65 liveadvmod
65liveliveVERBVerbForm=Inf55 comeconj
66ininADP_68 watercase
67thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art68 waterdet
68waterwaterNOUNNumber=Sing65 liveobl
69..PUNCT_2 wentpunct
70”"PUNCT_2 wentpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1gopastWIFEthe streamvn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme into stream=Initial_Location
2come uppastthe waterWIFE's neckvn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to neck=Initial_Location
3isgerundnaturally, timid propertytree rules
4ispastWIFEafraid propertytree rules
5goto-infinitiveWIFE not said herefurther propertyvn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6struggle backpastWIFE not said hereto the bankvn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent
7say speech: assertpastWIFEWIFE's husbandvn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to husband=Recipient
8wish a condition, not said to happen, in a quotepresentWIFE's husband = husbandvn wish-62 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
9live not said to happen, in a quoteto-infinitiveWIFE's husband = husband not said herewith WIFEvn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme with i=Location
10have in a quotefutureWIFE's husband = husbandtree rules
11come on in a quoteto-infinitiveWIFE's husband = husband not said herethe landvn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to land=Initial_Location
12not live in a quotecanWIFEthe watervn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in water=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/21/48/