Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxx.--the Game of Hide-and-seek As Played By the Hawk and the Bush Cow., sentence 14
Later in the evening the eagle took the hawk to the antelope’s house and said that as the bush cow had been unable to find him, he was the winner, to which the antelope agreed and paid over the rods to the eagle.
Who acts: eagle, antelope · What happens: take, say, be, find, agree, pay · To what, where: hawk, house, antelope, winner, rods · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxx.--the Game of Hide-and-seek As Played By the Hawk and the Bush Cow.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (eagle, antelope), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Later | late | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 7 took | advmod |
| 2 | in | in | ADP | _ | 4 evening | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 evening | det |
| 4 | evening | evening | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 took | obl |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 eagle | det |
| 6 | eagle | eagle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 took | nsubj |
| 7 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 hawk | det |
| 9 | hawk | hawk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 took | obj |
| 10 | to | to | ADP | _ | 14 house | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 antelope | det |
| 12 | antelope | antelope | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 house | nmod:poss |
| 13 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 12 antelope | case |
| 14 | house | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 took | obl |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 said | cc |
| 16 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 took | conj |
| 17 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 24 unable | mark |
| 18 | as | as | ADP | _ | 21 cow | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 cow | det |
| 20 | bush | bush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 cow | compound |
| 21 | cow | cow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 unable | obl |
| 22 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 unable | aux |
| 23 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 24 unable | cop |
| 24 | unable | unable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 said | ccomp |
| 25 | to | to | PART | _ | 26 find | mark |
| 26 | find | find | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 unable | xcomp |
| 27 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 find | obj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 winner | punct |
| 29 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 winner | nsubj |
| 30 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 winner | cop |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 winner | det |
| 32 | winner | winner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 took | obl |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 agreed | punct |
| 34 | to | to | ADP | _ | 35 which | case |
| 35 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 38 agreed | obl |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 antelope | det |
| 37 | antelope | antelope | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 agreed | nsubj |
| 38 | agreed | agree | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 took | parataxis |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 paid | cc |
| 40 | paid | pay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 agreed | conj |
| 41 | over | over | ADP | _ | 43 rods | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 rods | det |
| 43 | rods | rod | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 paid | obl |
| 44 | to | to | ADP | _ | 46 eagle | case |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 eagle | det |
| 46 | eagle | eagle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 paid | obl |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 took | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | past | the eagle | the hawk | the antelope's house | evening | late property | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent hawk=Theme to house=Destination | |
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | the eagle not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | is | past · perfect | as the bush cow; unable property | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | find | to-infinitive | antelope | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Topic | |||||
| 5 | is a | past | antelope | the winner | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | agree speech: agree | past | the antelope | which obl | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 7 | pay | past | the antelope not said here | the rods | to the eagle | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/23/14/