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Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxx.--the Game of Hide-and-seek As Played By the Hawk and the Bush Cow., sentence 18

As soon as it was light enough to see, the bush cow went off into the forest until he came to a favourite swamp of his where he lay down and wallowed in the mud, leaving only a little of his head and back exposed to view.

Who acts: match, bush cow, antelope · What happens: be, see, go off, come, lie down, wallow · To what, where: forest, favourite swamp, mud, little

This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxx.--the Game of Hide-and-seek As Played By the Hawk and the Bush Cow.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (match, bush cow, antelope), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

advmodadvmodmarknsubjcopadvmodmarkadvclpunctdetcompoundnsubjconjcompound:prtcasedetoblmarknsubjadvclcasedetamodoblmarknmod:possadvmodnsubjacl:relcladvmodccconjcasedetoblpunctadvcladvmoddetobjcasenmod:possnmodccadvmodconjmarkxcomppunctrootAsADVsoonADVasSCONJitPRONwasAUXlightADJenoughADVtoPARTseeVERB,PUNCTtheDETbushNOUNcowNOUNwentVERBoffADPintoADPtheDETforestNOUNuntilSCONJhePRONcameVERBtoADPaDETfavouriteADJswampNOUNofSCONJhisPRONwhereADVhePRONlayVERBdownADVandCCONJwallowedVERBinADPtheDETmudNOUN,PUNCTleavingVERBonlyADVaDETlittleADJofADPhisPRONheadNOUNandCCONJbackADVexposedVERBtoPARTviewVERB.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1AsasADV_2 soonadvmod
2soonsoonADVDegree=Pos6 lightadvmod
3asasSCONJ_6 lightmark
4ititPRONCase=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs6 lightnsubj
5wasbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin6 lightcop
6lightlightADJDegree=Posrootroot
7enoughenoughADV_6 lightadvmod
8totoPART_9 seemark
9seeseeVERBVerbForm=Inf6 lightadvcl
10,,PUNCT_14 wentpunct
11thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art13 cowdet
12bushbushNOUNNumber=Sing13 cowcompound
13cowcowNOUNNumber=Sing14 wentnsubj
14wentgoVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin6 lightconj
15offoffADP_14 wentcompound:prt
16intointoADP_18 forestcase
17thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art18 forestdet
18forestforestNOUNNumber=Sing14 wentobl
19untiluntilSCONJ_21 camemark
20hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs21 camensubj
21camecomeVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin14 wentadvcl
22totoADP_25 swampcase
23aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art25 swampdet
24favouritefavouriteADJDegree=Pos25 swampamod
25swampswampNOUNNumber=Sing21 cameobl
26ofofSCONJ_30 laymark
27hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs30 laynmod:poss
28wherewhereADVPronType=Rel30 layadvmod
29hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs30 laynsubj
30laylieVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin25 swampacl:relcl
31downdownADV_30 layadvmod
32andandCCONJ_33 wallowedcc
33wallowedwallowVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass30 layconj
34ininADP_36 mudcase
35thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art36 muddet
36mudmudNOUNNumber=Sing33 wallowedobl
37,,PUNCT_38 leavingpunct
38leavingleaveVERBTense=Pres VerbForm=Part30 layadvcl
39onlyonlyADV_41 littleadvmod
40aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art41 littledet
41littlelittleADJDegree=Pos38 leavingobj
42ofofADP_44 headcase
43hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs44 headnmod:poss
44headheadNOUNNumber=Sing41 littlenmod
45andandCCONJ_47 exposedcc
46backbackADV_47 exposedadvmod
47exposedexposeVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass41 littleconj
48totoPART_49 viewmark
49viewviewVERBVerbForm=Inf47 exposedxcomp
50..PUNCT_6 lightpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1ispastmatchenough, light, soon propertytree rules
2seeto-infinitivematch not said herevn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
3go offpastthe bush cowthe forestvn occur-48.3-2 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme
4comepastantelopea favourite swampvn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to swamp=Initial_Location
5lie downpastantelopedown propertyvn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
6wallowparticipleantelope not said herethe mudvn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
7leavegerundantelope not said herea little of antelope's headvn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent little=Theme
8exposeparticipleantelope not said herevn indicate-78 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Topic
9viewto-infinitiveantelope not said herevn characterize-29.2-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/23/18/