Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxx.--the Game of Hide-and-seek As Played By the Hawk and the Bush Cow., sentence 19
The hawk circled round and round and, knowing the habits of the bush cow and having very sharp sight, he very soon caught sight of the bush cow, so he swooped down and took a mouthful of hair and flew back to the eagle and reported that he had found the bush cow, and produced the hair as proof.
Who acts: antelope · What happens: circle, know, have, catch, swoop down, take · To what, where: hawk, habits, sharp sight, mouthful, bush cow, hair
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxx.--the Game of Hide-and-seek As Played By the Hawk and the Bush Cow.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (antelope), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 hawk | det |
| 2 | hawk | hawk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 caught | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | circled | circle | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 hawk | acl |
| 4 | round | round | ADV | _ | 3 circled | advmod |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 round | cc |
| 6 | round | round | ADV | _ | 4 round | conj |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 knowing | cc |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 knowing | punct |
| 9 | knowing | know | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 circled | conj |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 habits | det |
| 11 | habits | habit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 knowing | obj |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 cow | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 cow | det |
| 14 | bush | bush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 cow | compound |
| 15 | cow | cow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 habits | nmod |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 having | cc |
| 17 | having | have | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 9 knowing | conj |
| 18 | very | very | ADV | _ | 19 sharp | advmod |
| 19 | sharp | sharp | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 sight | amod |
| 20 | sight | sight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 having | obj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 hawk | punct |
| 22 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 caught | nsubj:pass |
| 23 | very | very | ADV | _ | 24 soon | advmod |
| 24 | soon | soon | ADV | Degree=Pos | 25 caught | advmod |
| 25 | caught | catch | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 26 | sight | sight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 caught | obj |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 cow | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 cow | det |
| 29 | bush | bush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 cow | compound |
| 30 | cow | cow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 sight | nmod |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 swooped | punct |
| 32 | so | so | ADV | _ | 34 swooped | advmod |
| 33 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 swooped | nsubj |
| 34 | swooped | swoop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 caught | parataxis |
| 35 | down | down | ADP | _ | 34 swooped | compound:prt |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 took | cc |
| 37 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 34 swooped | conj |
| 38 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 39 mouthful | det |
| 39 | mouthful | mouthful | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 took | obj |
| 40 | of | of | ADP | _ | 41 hair | case |
| 41 | hair | hair | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 mouthful | nmod |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 flew | cc |
| 43 | flew | fly | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 34 swooped | conj |
| 44 | back | back | ADV | _ | 43 flew | advmod |
| 45 | to | to | ADP | _ | 47 eagle | case |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 eagle | det |
| 47 | eagle | eagle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 flew | obl |
| 48 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 49 reported | cc |
| 49 | reported | report | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 43 flew | conj |
| 50 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 53 found | mark |
| 51 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 53 found | nsubj |
| 52 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 53 found | aux |
| 53 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 49 reported | ccomp |
| 54 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 56 cow | det |
| 55 | bush | bush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 56 cow | compound |
| 56 | cow | cow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 found | obj |
| 57 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 59 produced | punct |
| 58 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 59 produced | cc |
| 59 | produced | produce | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 34 swooped | conj |
| 60 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 61 hair | det |
| 61 | hair | hair | NOUN | Number=Sing | 59 produced | obj |
| 62 | as | as | ADP | _ | 63 proof | case |
| 63 | proof | proof | NOUN | Number=Sing | 59 produced | obl |
| 64 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 25 caught | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | circle | participle | the hawk not said here | round property | vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | know | gerund | the habits of the bush cow | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer habit=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | have | gerund | sharp sight | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sight=Patient | |||||
| 4 | catch | participle · passive | the hawk | antelope nsubj:pass; sight of the bush cow obj; soon property | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: subject=Beneficiary sight=Theme | ||||
| 5 | swoop down | past | antelope | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | take | past | antelope not said here | a mouthful of hair | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mouthful=Theme | ||||
| 7 | fly back | past | antelope not said here | to the eagle result | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to eagle=Result | ||||
| 8 | report | past | antelope not said here | vn characterize-29.2-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 9 | find | past · perfect | antelope | the bush cow | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cow=Topic | ||||
| 10 | produce | past | antelope not said here | the hair | as proof | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent hair=Result as proof=Attribute | |||
| 11 | sight | the bush cow | nom sight «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/23/19/