Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxx.--the Game of Hide-and-seek As Played By the Hawk and the Bush Cow., sentence 20
That night the antelope had to pay again, and by this time he had lost quite a lot of money, so he arranged with the eagle that the hawk should hide the next day and the bush cow should try again.
Who acts: antelope, hawk, bush cow · What happens: have, pay, lose, arrange, hide, try · To what, where: lot
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxx.--the Game of Hide-and-seek As Played By the Hawk and the Bush Cow.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (antelope, hawk, bush cow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | That | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 2 night | det |
| 2 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 had | obl:unmarked |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 antelope | det |
| 4 | antelope | antelope | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 had | nsubj |
| 5 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 pay | mark |
| 7 | pay | pay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 had | xcomp |
| 8 | again | again | ADV | _ | 7 pay | advmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 lost | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 lost | cc |
| 11 | by | by | ADP | _ | 13 time | case |
| 12 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 13 time | det |
| 13 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 lost | obl |
| 14 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 lost | nsubj |
| 15 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 lost | aux |
| 16 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 5 had | conj |
| 17 | quite | quite | DET | PronType=Ind | 19 lot | det:predet |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 lot | det |
| 19 | lot | lot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 lost | obj |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 money | case |
| 21 | money | money | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 lot | nmod |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 arranged | punct |
| 23 | so | so | ADV | _ | 25 arranged | advmod |
| 24 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 arranged | nsubj |
| 25 | arranged | arrange | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 had | conj |
| 26 | with | with | ADP | _ | 28 eagle | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 eagle | det |
| 28 | eagle | eagle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 arranged | obl |
| 29 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 33 hide | mark |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 hawk | det |
| 31 | hawk | hawk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 hide | nsubj |
| 32 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 33 hide | aux |
| 33 | hide | hide | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 25 arranged | advcl |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 day | det |
| 35 | next | next | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 day | amod |
| 36 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 hide | obl:unmarked |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 try | cc |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 cow | det |
| 39 | bush | bush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 cow | compound |
| 40 | cow | cow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 try | nsubj |
| 41 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 42 try | aux |
| 42 | try | try | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 33 hide | conj |
| 43 | again | again | ADV | _ | 42 try | advmod |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 had | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | past | the antelope | night | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | pay | to-infinitive | the antelope not said here | again | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | lose | past · perfect | antelope | quite lot of money | time | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Eventuality | |||
| 4 | arrange | past | antelope | with the eagle | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with eagle=Instrument | ||||
| 5 | hide | should | the hawk | day | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | try | should | the bush cow | again | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/23/20/