Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxx.--the Game of Hide-and-seek As Played By the Hawk and the Bush Cow., sentence 25
For some time the bush cow ran about in all directions searching for the hawk, until at last, as he could not find him, he thought the hawk must have gone home, so he charged back again through the bush to the hawk’s house and at times the hawk had to follow him by flying as the bush was so thick, but when the country was open he quickly settled quite softly on the bush cow’s horns again.
Who acts: bush cow, directions, antelope, hawk, bush, country · What happens: run about, search, not find, think, go, charge back · To what, where: directions, king, bush, antelope · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxx.--the Game of Hide-and-seek As Played By the Hawk and the Bush Cow.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bush cow, directions, antelope, hawk), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | For | for | ADP | _ | 3 time | case |
| 2 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 3 time | det |
| 3 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 ran | obl |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 cow | det |
| 5 | bush | bush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 cow | compound |
| 6 | cow | cow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 ran | nsubj |
| 7 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | about | about | ADV | _ | 7 ran | advmod |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 directions | case |
| 10 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 11 directions | det |
| 11 | directions | direction | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 ran | obl |
| 12 | searching | search | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 11 directions | acl |
| 13 | for | for | ADP | _ | 15 hawk | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 hawk | det |
| 15 | hawk | hawk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 searching | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 last | punct |
| 17 | until | until | ADP | _ | 19 last | case |
| 18 | at | at | ADP | _ | 19 last | case |
| 19 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 ran | conj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 find | punct |
| 21 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 25 find | mark |
| 22 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 find | nsubj |
| 23 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 25 find | aux |
| 24 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 25 find | advmod |
| 25 | find | find | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 19 last | parataxis |
| 26 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 find | obj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 thought | punct |
| 28 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 thought | nsubj |
| 29 | thought | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 ran | conj |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 hawk | det |
| 31 | hawk | hawk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 gone | nsubj |
| 32 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 34 gone | aux |
| 33 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 34 gone | aux |
| 34 | gone | go | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 29 thought | ccomp |
| 35 | home | home | ADV | _ | 34 gone | advmod |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 charged | punct |
| 37 | so | so | ADV | _ | 39 charged | advmod |
| 38 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 charged | nsubj |
| 39 | charged | charge | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 ran | parataxis |
| 40 | back | back | ADV | _ | 39 charged | advmod |
| 41 | again | again | ADV | _ | 39 charged | advmod |
| 42 | through | through | ADP | _ | 44 bush | case |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 bush | det |
| 44 | bush | bush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 charged | obl |
| 45 | to | to | ADP | _ | 49 house | case |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 hawk | det |
| 47 | hawk | hawk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 house | nmod:poss |
| 48 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 47 hawk | case |
| 49 | house | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 charged | obl |
| 50 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 55 had | cc |
| 51 | at | at | ADP | _ | 52 times | case |
| 52 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 55 had | obl |
| 53 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 54 hawk | det |
| 54 | hawk | hawk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 55 had | nsubj |
| 55 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 39 charged | conj |
| 56 | to | to | PART | _ | 57 follow | mark |
| 57 | follow | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 55 had | xcomp |
| 58 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 57 follow | obj |
| 59 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 60 flying | mark |
| 60 | flying | fly | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 57 follow | advcl |
| 61 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 66 thick | mark |
| 62 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 63 bush | det |
| 63 | bush | bush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 66 thick | nsubj |
| 64 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 66 thick | cop |
| 65 | so | so | ADV | _ | 66 thick | advmod |
| 66 | thick | thick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 60 flying | ccomp |
| 67 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 73 open | punct |
| 68 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 73 open | cc |
| 69 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 73 open | advmod |
| 70 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 71 country | det |
| 71 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 73 open | nsubj |
| 72 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 73 open | cop |
| 73 | open | open | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 ran | parataxis |
| 74 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 76 settled | nsubj |
| 75 | quickly | quickly | ADV | _ | 76 settled | advmod |
| 76 | settled | settle | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 73 open | conj |
| 77 | quite | quite | ADV | _ | 78 softly | advmod |
| 78 | softly | softly | ADV | _ | 76 settled | advmod |
| 79 | on | on | ADP | _ | 84 horns | case |
| 80 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 82 cow | det |
| 81 | bush | bush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 82 cow | compound |
| 82 | cow | cow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 84 horns | nmod:poss |
| 83 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 82 cow | case |
| 84 | horns | horn | NOUN | Number=Plur | 76 settled | obl |
| 85 | again | again | ADV | _ | 76 settled | advmod |
| 86 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 ran | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | run about | past | the bush cow | all directions | time | about property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in direction=Trajectory | ||
| 2 | search | gerund | all directions not said here | for the hawk | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.theme NP.location»: agent=Agent for hawk=Theme | ||||
| 3 | not find | could | antelope | king | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Topic | ||||
| 4 | think speech: other | past | antelope | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 5 | go | must · perfect | the hawk | home property | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 6 | charge back | past | antelope | the bush | again | to the hawk's house | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to house=Destination | ||
| 7 | have | past | the hawk | time | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | follow | to-infinitive | the hawk not said here | antelope | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme | ||||
| 9 | fly | gerund | the hawk not said here | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 10 | is | past | the bush | thick property | tree rules | ||||
| 11 | is | past | the country | open property | tree rules | ||||
| 12 | settle | past | antelope | again | on the bush cow's horns; quickly, softly property | vn correspond-36.1 «NP V PP.theme S»: agent=Agent on horn=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/23/25/