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Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxx.--the Game of Hide-and-seek As Played By the Hawk and the Bush Cow., sentence 26

As the bush cow went through the town he saw several different birds, and asked each of them as he passed whether they had seen the hawk about anywhere, but although they could all see the hawk perched on the bush cow’s horns, no one answered him.

Who acts: bush cow, antelope, hawks, one · What happens: go, see, ask, pass, perch, answer · To what, where: town, several different birds, each, hawk, horns, antelope · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxx.--the Game of Hide-and-seek As Played By the Hawk and the Bush Cow.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bush cow, antelope, hawks, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

markdetcompoundnsubjadvclcasedetoblnsubjamodamodobjpunctccconjobjcasenmodmarknsubjccompmarknsubjauxccompdetobjcaseoblpunctccmarknsubjauxadvmodadvcldetobjaclcasedetcompoundnmod:posscaseoblpunctdetnsubjparataxisobjpunctrootAsSCONJtheDETbushNOUNcowNOUNwentVERBthroughADPtheDETtownNOUNhePRONsawVERBseveralADJdifferentADJbirdsNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJaskedVERBeachDETofADPthemPRONasSCONJhePRONpassedVERBwhetherSCONJtheyPRONhadAUXseenVERBtheDEThawkNOUNaboutADPanywhereADV,PUNCTbutCCONJalthoughSCONJtheyPRONcouldAUXallADVseeVERBtheDEThawkNOUNperchedVERBonADPtheDETbushNOUNcowNOUN’sPARThornsNOUN,PUNCTnoDEToneNOUNansweredVERBhimPRON.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1AsasSCONJ_5 wentmark
2thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art4 cowdet
3bushbushNOUNNumber=Sing4 cowcompound
4cowcowNOUNNumber=Sing5 wentnsubj
5wentgoVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin10 sawadvcl
6throughthroughADP_8 towncase
7thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art8 towndet
8towntownNOUNNumber=Sing5 wentobl
9hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs10 sawnsubj
10sawseeVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Finrootroot
11severalseveralADJDegree=Pos13 birdsamod
12differentdifferentADJDegree=Pos13 birdsamod
13birdsbirdNOUNNumber=Plur10 sawobj
14,,PUNCT_16 askedpunct
15andandCCONJ_16 askedcc
16askedaskVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin10 sawconj
17eacheachDETPronType=Tot16 askedobj
18ofofADP_19 themcase
19themtheyPRONCase=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs17 eachnmod
20asasSCONJ_22 passedmark
21hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs22 passednsubj
22passedpassVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin16 askedccomp
23whetherwhetherSCONJ_26 seenmark
24theytheyPRONCase=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs26 seennsubj
25hadhaveAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin26 seenaux
26seenseeVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part22 passedccomp
27thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art28 hawkdet
28hawkhawkNOUNNumber=Sing26 seenobj
29aboutaboutADP_30 anywherecase
30anywhereanywhereADVPronType=Ind26 seenobl
31,,PUNCT_50 answeredpunct
32butbutCCONJ_50 answeredcc
33althoughalthoughSCONJ_37 seemark
34theytheyPRONCase=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs37 seensubj
35couldcouldAUXVerbForm=Fin37 seeaux
36allallADV_37 seeadvmod
37seeseeVERBVerbForm=Inf50 answeredadvcl
38thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art39 hawkdet
39hawkhawkNOUNNumber=Sing37 seeobj
40perchedperchVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass39 hawkacl
41ononADP_46 hornscase
42thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art44 cowdet
43bushbushNOUNNumber=Sing44 cowcompound
44cowcowNOUNNumber=Sing46 hornsnmod:poss
45’s'sPART_44 cowcase
46hornshornNOUNNumber=Plur40 perchedobl
47,,PUNCT_50 answeredpunct
48nonoDETPronType=Neg49 onedet
49oneoneNOUNNumber=Sing50 answerednsubj
50answeredanswerVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin10 sawparataxis
51himhePRONCase=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs50 answeredobj
52..PUNCT_10 sawpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1gopastthe bush cowthe townvn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme through town=Initial_Location
2seepastantelopeseveral different birdsvn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bird=Stimulus
3ask speech: askpastantelope not said hereeach of hawksvn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S»: agent=Agent each=Recipient clause=Topic
4passpastantelopetree rules
5seepast · perfecthawks = hawkthe hawkvn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer hawk=Stimulus
6seecouldhawks = hawkthe hawkall propertyvn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer hawk=Stimulus
7perchparticiplethe hawk not said herethe bush cow's hornsvn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on horn=Location
8answer speech: assertpastno oneantelopevn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent he=Eventuality

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/23/26/